Answer:

1.Wasted fuel increasing air pollution and carbon dioxide emissions owing to increased idling, acceleration and braking.

2. Wear and tear on vehicles as a result of idling in traffic and frequent acceleration and braking, leading to more frequent repairs and replacements.

3.Stressed and frustrated motorists, encouraging road rage and reduced health of motorists.

4.Wasting time of motorists and passengers ("opportunity cost"). As a non-productive activity for most people, congestion reduces regional economic health.

5.Delays, which may result in late arrival for employment, meetings, and education, resulting in lost business, disciplinary action or other personal losses.

6.Inability to forecast travel time accurately, leading to drivers allocating more time to travel "just in case", and less time on productive activities.

7.Emergencies: blocked traffic may interfere with the passage of emergency vehicles traveling to their destinations where they are urgently needed.

8.Spillover effect from congested main arteries to secondary roads and side streets as alternative routes are attempted ('rat running'), which may affect neighborhood amenity and real estate prices.

9.Higher chance of collisions due to tight spacing and constant stopping-and-going.

10.aggressive or angry behavior by a driver of an automobile or other motor vehicle.

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