Vedas are the oldest of Sanskrit literature and Hindu scripture. Sanskrit is the ancient language of India and Hinduism is an umbrella term describing many polytheistic religious traditions that originated in India. There are four parts to the Vedas: the Samhitas, the Brahmanas, the Aranyakas, and the Upanishads. The Samhitas are hymns that praise the gods, the Brahmanas are prayers for priests, the Aranyakas are about worshiping and meditating, and the Upanishads are the philosophies of Hinduism.
Ramayana
Rama and Sita
rama
Although we do not know exactly when Ramayana was written, it was probably not written before 300 BCE. It's an Indian epic poem written by the poet Valmiki in Sanskrit. Ramayana is divided into seven books and tells the story of Rama, a god. Ramayana is ultimately a love story between Rama and Sita, a princess and Hindu goddess. The antagonist or villain of the story is Ravana who at one point kidnaps Sita. But in the end, Rama saves Sita and they have two sons together.
Ancient Literature of China
The Art of War
The Art of War was written by Chinese general Sunzi (better known by the name Sun Tzu) in the fifth century BCE. It's a text about warfare and military strategy. There are thirteen chapters in The Art of War and these chapters contain aphorisms, or concise wisdom, about battle. One of his most famous aphorisms is 'the supreme art of war is to subdue the enemy without fighting.' This text has influenced military and business strategy.
Confucius Analects
Confucius
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Confucius was a Chinese teacher and philosopher in the fifth century BCE. The Confucius Analects are teachings of Confucius to his disciples. Some of the most important teachings of the Confucius Analects are those regarding social interaction and hierarchy and respect in families and in government. Devotion to ancestors, parents, older siblings, and government officials was essential according to the Confucius Analects. It's actually a philosophy that still governs many aspects of Chinese culture.
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Ancient Literature of India
Vedas
Vedas are the oldest of Sanskrit literature and Hindu scripture. Sanskrit is the ancient language of India and Hinduism is an umbrella term describing many polytheistic religious traditions that originated in India. There are four parts to the Vedas: the Samhitas, the Brahmanas, the Aranyakas, and the Upanishads. The Samhitas are hymns that praise the gods, the Brahmanas are prayers for priests, the Aranyakas are about worshiping and meditating, and the Upanishads are the philosophies of Hinduism.
Ramayana
Rama and Sita
rama
Although we do not know exactly when Ramayana was written, it was probably not written before 300 BCE. It's an Indian epic poem written by the poet Valmiki in Sanskrit. Ramayana is divided into seven books and tells the story of Rama, a god. Ramayana is ultimately a love story between Rama and Sita, a princess and Hindu goddess. The antagonist or villain of the story is Ravana who at one point kidnaps Sita. But in the end, Rama saves Sita and they have two sons together.
Ancient Literature of China
The Art of War
The Art of War was written by Chinese general Sunzi (better known by the name Sun Tzu) in the fifth century BCE. It's a text about warfare and military strategy. There are thirteen chapters in The Art of War and these chapters contain aphorisms, or concise wisdom, about battle. One of his most famous aphorisms is 'the supreme art of war is to subdue the enemy without fighting.' This text has influenced military and business strategy.
Confucius Analects
Confucius
null
Confucius was a Chinese teacher and philosopher in the fifth century BCE. The Confucius Analects are teachings of Confucius to his disciples. Some of the most important teachings of the Confucius Analects are those regarding social interaction and hierarchy and respect in families and in government. Devotion to ancestors, parents, older siblings, and government officials was essential according to the Confucius Analects. It's actually a philosophy that still governs many aspects of Chinese culture.
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