Q-Examples of biopiracy include recent patents granted by the U.S. Patent and Trademarks Office to American companies on turmeric, 'neem' and, most notably, 'basmati' rice

Q-the discorders of nervous system:-

Parkinson's disease.

Multiple sclerosis (MS).

Q-Usually three levels of biodiversity are discussed—genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity. Genetic diversity is all the different genes contained in all individual plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms

Q1.]What are the examples of biopiracy.

(i.) PATENTING OF NEEM:-

• Indians have share the knowledge of the properties of the neem with the entire world.

• A US company has been using Indian companies for producing the emulsion because they have patent on the process.

• The people of India in a variety of ways have used neem, since time immemorial

• The PATENTING of the fungicidal properties of neem was an example of Biopiracy.

(ii) PATENTING OF BASMATI RICE:-

• India is known as the second largest producer of rice after China.

• Dr. Vandana Shiva, The director of Delhi based research Foundation. she monitors all the issues of Biopiracy and patents.

• An American company named their rice company as RiceTec Inc and wanted to go in international markets. they named their Basmati as 'Texmati' and 'Kasmati'.

• However, with the Basmati patent rights, RiceTec will now be able to not only call it's aromatic Basmati rice within the US, but also label it Basmati for exports

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Q2.]What are the disorders of nervous system.

(i) Alzheimer's Disease:-

• It is a very big neurological disorder which causes the brain to shrine and all the cells inside the brain die. Due to Alzheimer's Disease , the most common cause is dementia.

(ii) Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis:-

• It is a type of Nervous system disease which weakens the muscles and impacts physical functions. It mainly involves the nerve cells. It is also known as Lou Gehrig's Disease.

(iii) Migraine:-

• Migraine gives warning like hormonal changes, stress and not feeling good, body pain etc. Blood vessels abnormalities are a component of vascular headaches such as migraine and cluster headaches

(iv) Parkinson's Disease:-

• Progressive disease in which cells in one of the movement control centers of the brain begin to die, resulting in a loss of control over speech and head and body movements.

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Q3.] Explain the levels of biodiversity.

There are Three levels of Biodiversity.

• Genetic Diversity

• Species Diversity

• Ecosystem Diversity

(1.) Genetic Diversity :-

• It is the genetic variation within a population of all the alleles of the genes in a population. It is diversity within species that is variation of genes within the species.

example - Rice, Teak, Burma, etc

(2.) Species Diversity:-

• It contains both the number of individuals and the number of species. It is within a community or ecosystem. There are different kinds of organisms, relationship among species

(3.) Ecosystem Diversity:-

• It is the variety of habitats, natural communities and ecological processes in the biosphere. Richness and complexity of biological community.