Assessment 2
1. How were restriction enzymes discovered?
2. Why is yeast the most commonly eukaryotic organism used for gene cloning
experiments?
3. How are the tools genetic engineering beneficial in medicine today? Justify your answer.
1. How were restriction enzymes discovered?
2. Why is yeast the most commonly eukaryotic organism used for gene cloning
experiments?
3. How are the tools genetic engineering beneficial in medicine today? Justify your answer.
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Answer:
1. The discovery of restriction enzymes began with a hypothesis. ... This prediction was confirmed in the late 1960s by Stuart Linn and Arber when they isolated a modification enzyme called methylase and a restriction enzyme responsible for bacteriophage resistance in the bacterium Escherichia coli.
2.Yeast cells share many basic biological properties with our cells. Genetic manipulation in yeast is easy and cheap compared to similar experiments in more complex animals such as mice and zebrafish. At least 20 per cent of human genes known to have a role in disease have counterparts in yeast.
3. In medicine, genetic engineering has been used to mass-produce insulin, human growth hormones, follistim (for treating infertility), human albumin, monoclonal antibodies, antihemophilic factors, vaccines, and many other drugs. In research, organisms are genetically engineered to discover the functions of certain genes.