Answer:

a) birds

Explanation:

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Option C - Plants

■ Explanation :-

• Scientists from Agharkar Research Institute, Pune discover two new species of pipeworts from the Western Ghats of Maharashtra & Karnataka. The one reported from Sindhudurg district of Maharashtra was named as Eriocaulon parvicephalum (due to its minute inflorescence size), and the other reported from Kumta, Karnataka was named as Eriocaulon karaavalense (named after Karaavali = Coastal Karnataka region).

• The plant group known as pipeworts (Eriocaulon), whichcompletes their life cycle within a small period during monsoon, exhibits great diversity in the Western Ghats, having around 111 species in India.

• Most of these are reported from the Western Ghats and Eastern Himalayas, and around 70% of them are endemic to the country. One species, Eriocaulon cinereum, is well known for its anti-cancerous, analgesic,anti-inflammatory, and astringent properties. E. quinquangulare is used against liver diseases. E.madayiparense is an anti-bacterial from Kerala. The medicinal properties of the newly discovered species are yet to be explored.

• In a separate study scientists at the Jawaharlal Nehru Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute (JNTBGRI) at Palode here encountered the new species in the Akkamalai forest within the Anamalai Tiger Reserve in Tamil Nadu recently. They have named it Ardisia ramaswamii after M.S.Ramaswami. Ardisia ramaswamii (family Primulaceae) is a small tree which grows to a height of about six meters.

• Since many related species of Ardisia possess medicinal properties, the discovery is significant from a health-care perspective. For ìnstance, Ardisia elliptica, known locally as ‘kili njaval’ or ‘sugar njaval,’ is good for making wine and valued for treating diabetes. Another cousin, Ardisia solanacea, (manimundakkizhangu), is used in traditional healing systems. Hence the correct answer is option (c).

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