1 Communicable diseases can be classified based on their clinical or epidemiologic features.
2 Clinical classification is based on the main clinical manifestations of the disease (e.g. diseases characterised by diarrhoea are classified as diarrheal diseases; diseases characterised by fever are febrile diseases).
3 Epidemiologic classifications are based on the mode of transmission and include foodborne, waterborne, airborne and vector-borne diseases.
4 Prevention and control measures for communicable diseases may target the reservoir of infection, the mode of transmission, or the susceptible host.
5 Measures against a human reservoir include treatment and isolation. Measures against animal reservoirs can be treatment or destroying the animal.
6 Measures against transmitters like food, water, other vehicles, and vectors, include hand washing with soap, effective use of latrines, destruction of breeding sites, disinfection, sterilisation and disinfestation.
7 Measures to protect susceptible hosts include vaccination, keeping personal hygiene, use of bed nets and use of condoms.
8 Community diagnosis of health problems involves data collection; data analysis; prioritising interventions based on the magnitude and severity of the problem, the feasibility of addressing it, and the level of concern; and making and implementing an effective action plan.
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1 Communicable diseases can be classified based on their clinical or epidemiologic features.
2 Clinical classification is based on the main clinical manifestations of the disease (e.g. diseases characterised by diarrhoea are classified as diarrheal diseases; diseases characterised by fever are febrile diseases).
3 Epidemiologic classifications are based on the mode of transmission and include foodborne, waterborne, airborne and vector-borne diseases.
4 Prevention and control measures for communicable diseases may target the reservoir of infection, the mode of transmission, or the susceptible host.
5 Measures against a human reservoir include treatment and isolation. Measures against animal reservoirs can be treatment or destroying the animal.
6 Measures against transmitters like food, water, other vehicles, and vectors, include hand washing with soap, effective use of latrines, destruction of breeding sites, disinfection, sterilisation and disinfestation.
7 Measures to protect susceptible hosts include vaccination, keeping personal hygiene, use of bed nets and use of condoms.
8 Community diagnosis of health problems involves data collection; data analysis; prioritising interventions based on the magnitude and severity of the problem, the feasibility of addressing it, and the level of concern; and making and implementing an effective action plan.
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