Question 12.18 Give a brief description of the principles of the following techniques taking an example in each case.
(a) Crystallisation
(b) Distillation
(c) Chromatography
Class XI Organic Chemistry : Some Basic Principles and Techniques Page 363
(a) Crystallisation
(b) Distillation
(c) Chromatography
Class XI Organic Chemistry : Some Basic Principles and Techniques Page 363
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it is based on the difference in solubilities of organic compound and the impurities in a suitable solvent .
The main steps of this process are :
(i) choice of the solvent
(ii) preparation of solution
(iii) filtration of the solution
(iv) Crystallisation and separation of crystal
(v) Drying of crystal
(vi) removal of color
(b) Distillation :- The method is used to separate volatile liquids from non-volatile impurities and the liquid having large difference in their boiling points {e.g., chloroform ,pb = 334K and aniline ,pb = 457K} are separated by this method .
(c) Chromatography :- This technique is used to separate and purify a mixture of a compound . it is also used to test the percentage purify of compounds . it is of the following types :
(i) column Chromatography
(ii) Thin layer chromatography
(iii) partition chromatography or paper Chromatography.