Answer:

In research, variables are any characteristics that can take on different values, such as height, age, species, or exam score.

In scientific research, we often want to study the effect of one variable on another one. For example, you might want to test whether students who spend more time studying get better exam scores.

The variables in a study of a cause-and-effect relationship are called the independent and dependent variables.

The independent variable is the cause. Its value is independent of other variables in your study.

The dependent variable is the effect. Its value depends on changes in the independent variable.

Examples of independent and dependent variablesDo tomatoes grow fastest under fluorescent, incandescent, or natural light?

The type of light the tomato plant is grown under

The rate of growth of the tomato plant

What is the effect of diet and regular soda on blood sugar levels?

The type of soda you drink (diet or regular)

Your blood sugar levels

How does phone use before bedtime affect sleep?

The amount of phone use before bed

Number of hours of sleep

Quality of sleep

How well do different plant species tolerate salt water?

The amount of salt added to the plants’ water

Plant growth

Plant wilting

Plant survival rate