Activity 2: STEP UP! Direction: Using letters A, B and C, Arrange the stage/steps on how the different techniques/tools in genetic engineering work.

1. MAKING A RECOMBINANT DNA

_____Sticky ends are joined by DNA ligase
_____Restriction enzymes cut the desired DNA sequence
_____Study and determine the specific gene needed

2. POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION/MAKING DNA COPIES

_____DNA polymerase starts making copies
_____"primers" provide a lace for DNA polymerase
_____DNA is heated to separate the strands and cooled to bind

3. TRANSFORMING BACTERIA

_____Insert a human gene into plasmid / bacterial DNA
_____The recombinant DNA is inserted in the bacterial cell
_____The bacteria can produce the human protein

4. TRANSFORMING PLANT CELLS

_____The plasmid can be used to infect plant cells that take up DNA on its own
_____Insert a piece of foreign DNA into the plasmid
_____Inactivate the tumor-producing gene of a bacterium

5. TRANSFORMING ANIMAL CELLS

_____The host gene may lose (knock-out) sequences in between
_____DNA molecule is constructed with two ends that may recombine with specific sequences
_____the knocked-out gene is replaced with a new gene​