Answer:

1. CONTRIBUTIONS IN DEVELOPMENT OF ARTS

-CHINA

Chinese art, the painting, calligraphy, architecture, pottery, sculpture, bronzes, jade carving, and other fine or decorative art forms produced in China over the centuries.

Chinese painting is an enduring art form. Traditionally done on rice paper or thin silk, Chinese painting employs the use of brushes, Chinese ink and dye. Since the time when inscribed oracle bones and tortoise shells were used for divination in the Shang dynasty, calligraphy has been associated with spiritual communication and has been viewed in terms of the writer’s own spiritual attunement.

-JAPAN

Japanese art, the painting, calligraphy, architecture, pottery, sculpture, bronzes, jade carving, and other fine or decorative visual arts produced in Japan over the centuries.

Japanese art has frequently been complicated by the definitions and expectations established in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, when Japan was opened to the West. The occasion of dramatically increased interaction with other cultures seemed to require a convenient summary of Japanese aesthetic principles, and Japanese art historians and archaeologists began to construct methodologies to categorize and assess a vast body of material ranging from Neolithic pottery to wood-block prints.

-KOREA

Korean arts include traditions in calligraphy, music, painting and pottery, often marked by the use of natural forms, surface decoration and bold colors or sounds. The earliest examples of Korean art consist of Stone Age works dating from 3000 BC.

Korean folk art, and painting of architectural frames was seen as brightening certain outside wood frames, and again within the tradition of Chinese architecture, and the early Buddhist influences of profuse rich halos and primary colours inspired by Indian art.

2.

CHINA

Chinese people have turned simple lines into a highly-developed form of art. Lines are used not only to draw contours but to express the artist's concepts and feelings. Black lines and used brilliant color and elaborate detail. Color is added. Brighter, more opaque pigments derived from mineral sources are preferred for painting on silk, while translucent vegetable pigments predominate in painting on paper and produce a lighter, more delicate effect.

JAPAN

Line is a mark on a surface that usually describes a shape (such as in an "outline" or an edge. It can define a shape and imply texture. It can be thick or thin, smooth or nervous. Types can include straight, curved, zig-zag, wavy, etc. Lines can also be implied (such as the V line created by a flock of geese. Shape is flat and two dimensional with no form or thickness. They are organized in terms of positive/negative. Color reflection of light and refers to hues and the properties of hue; intensity, temperature, value and saturation.

KOREA

The sharply curving Chinese roof is modified in Korean architecture into a gently sloping roof. Sharp angles, strong lines, steep planes, and garish colours are all avoided. The unique character of Korean art lies in its understated simplicity and spontaneity, together with a feeling of harmony with nature.Korean artists tend to shun all bold lines, sharp angles, and steeply angled planes, as well as extreme colours.