Answer:

• Zanna and Rempel (1988) define attitude as "a predisposition to respond to some classes of stimuli with certain classes of response." In other words, our attitudes are what influence how we react to different things. For example, if we have a positive attitude towards school, we are more likely to be motivated to do well in our studies.
• Rosenberg and Hovland (1960) argue that attitudes are "basically informed by value orientation of individual." This means that our values play a big role in shaping our attitudes. For example, if we value honesty, we are more likely to have a positive attitude towards people who are honest.
• Van Deth and Scarborough (2004) argue that attitudes can influence values. They say that people learn about values from their own experiences and from the influence of other people's attitudes. For example, if we have a positive experience with someone who is kind and compassionate, we may be more likely to value kindness and compassion.
• Values, orientation, attitudes, and beliefs system are products of culture construction. This means that our values, attitudes, and beliefs are shaped by the culture we live in. For example, people who live in cultures that value education are more likely to have positive attitudes towards school.