Increasing access to safe water and adequate sanitation and promoting hand washing would further reduce diarrhoeal diseases. Tobacco smoke-free legislation reduces exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke, and thereby also reduces cardiovascular diseases and respiratory infections.

Examples include: Chemicals in cigarettes are known to cause lung cancer. Exposure to asbestos, an insulating material found in some older buildings, can cause tumors, lung cancer, and other diseases. Wood-burning stoves and poorly vented gas ranges can produce smoke or gases that can cause breathing problems.