why in an atom the shells nearest to the nucleus have minimum energy and shells farthest from the nucleus have maximum energy
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Raj9899
I also wanted to know advita this and I found an article which says this :-----
Basically, you can think of the nucleus as sitting at the bottom of a potential energy well. Because the electron and nucleus have opposite charge, the force is attractive, meaning that for an electron to exist away from the nucleus it needs to "climb up" the potential energy well. The further away from the nucleus, the more energy it must have. If an electron gains energy (say by absorbing a photon) it can climb up further (ie more distance away). Conversely, if it drops back down the energy well (ie moves closer to the nucelus) it gives out energy (as a photon).
However, the energy well is actually quantised, not continuous. The electron can only take certain values of energy. Those values are determined by solutions of the Schrodinger equation and are defined by the quantum numbers of that electron (n, m, l and s). Each combination of quantum numbers give rise to a particular "orbital" (e.g. the 5d orbital has n=5, m=2, l=+2 through -2, and s=+1/2 and -1/2).
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Geniusshivanshu1111
The electron shells have minimum energy level when near to the nucleus (contains positively charge proton and neutrally charge neutron so, basically said neucles has positive charge ).The energy level of a electron is based on momentum and electric property.Due to near positively charge neucles, the electron and proton attract each other and magnetic field become directed to neucles and this loses it's speed and gets minimum energy and it's speed increase and to balance monument in electron, the speed become constant and h( Planck constant) energy transfer to outer orbit
Answers & Comments
Basically, you can think of the nucleus as sitting at the bottom of a potential energy well. Because the electron and nucleus have opposite charge, the force is attractive, meaning that for an electron to exist away from the nucleus it needs to "climb up" the potential energy well. The further away from the nucleus, the more energy it must have. If an electron gains energy (say by absorbing a photon) it can climb up further (ie more distance away). Conversely, if it drops back down the energy well (ie moves closer to the nucelus) it gives out energy (as a photon).
However, the energy well is actually quantised, not continuous. The electron can only take certain values of energy. Those values are determined by solutions of the Schrodinger equation and are defined by the quantum numbers of that electron (n, m, l and s). Each combination of quantum numbers give rise to a particular "orbital" (e.g. the 5d orbital has n=5, m=2, l=+2 through -2, and s=+1/2 and -1/2).