Heredity involves the passing of traits from one generation to the next, and genes are the units of heredity. Genes are segments of DNA that encode instructions for building and maintaining organisms. When organisms reproduce, genetic information is passed from parent to offspring through mechanisms such as sexual reproduction.
During sexual reproduction, gametes (sperm and egg cells) are formed, each containing half the genetic material of the parent organism. When these gametes combine during fertilization, the full set of genetic information is restored, creating a new organism with a unique combination of genetic material from both parents. This process ensures the transmission of traits and characteristics encoded in the genes from one generation to the next, maintaining continuity in species and populations.
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Explanation:
Heredity involves the passing of traits from one generation to the next, and genes are the units of heredity. Genes are segments of DNA that encode instructions for building and maintaining organisms. When organisms reproduce, genetic information is passed from parent to offspring through mechanisms such as sexual reproduction.
During sexual reproduction, gametes (sperm and egg cells) are formed, each containing half the genetic material of the parent organism. When these gametes combine during fertilization, the full set of genetic information is restored, creating a new organism with a unique combination of genetic material from both parents. This process ensures the transmission of traits and characteristics encoded in the genes from one generation to the next, maintaining continuity in species and populations.