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The most widespread mode of reproduction among animals

B. Budding

To generate their young, animals use a number of reproduction methods. This variety was previously divided into three modes: oviparity (embryos in eggs), viviparity (young born alive), and ovoviviparity (embryos in eggs) (intermediate between the first two).

Those so-called traditional modalities, on the other hand, covered a wide spectrum of reproductive methods. Based on the interaction between the zygote (fertilized egg) and the parents, researcher Thierry Lodé postulated five forms of reproduction. Ovuliparity, or external fertilization; oviparity, or internal fertilization of large eggs containing a substantial nutritive yolk; ovo-viviparity, or oviparity in which the zygotes are retained in the parent's body for a period of time but are not fed by the parent; and histotrophic viviparity, or oviparity in which the zygotes are retained in the parent's body for a period of time That is, oviparity, in which the zygotes are retained in a parent's body for a period of time but are not fed by the parent; histotrophic viviparity, in which the zygotes develop in the female's oviducts but are fed on other tissues; and chemotrophic viviparity, in which the developing embryos are fed by the mother, usually through a placenta.

Are one cell microscopic organisms that rank among the most widespread of living things?

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