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The Kargil War, also known as the Kargil conflict,[note (I)] was an armed conflict between India and Pakistan that took place between May and July 1999 in the Kargil district of Kashmir and elsewhere along the Line of Control (LOC). In India, the conflict is also referred to as Operation Vijay (Hindi: विजय, literally "Victory"), which was the name of the Indian operation to clear the Kargil sector.[22] The Indian Air Force's role in acting jointly with Indian Army ground troops during the war was aimed at flushing out regular and irregular troops of the Pakistani Army from vacated Indian Positions in the Kargil sector along the Line of Control.[23] This particular operation was given the code name Operation Safed Sagar (Hindi: ऑपरेशन सफेद सागर, lit. "Operation White Sea").

Kargil War

Part of the Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts and the Kashmir conflict

Indian soldiers in Batalik during the Kargil War.jpg

Indian soldiers in Batalik during the war

Date 3 May – 26 July 1999

(2 months, 3 weeks and 2 days)

Location

Kargil district, Jammu and Kashmir (now Ladakh), India

Result

Decisive Indian victory[1][2][3][4][5]

India regains possession of Kargil

Territorial

changes Status quo ante bellum

Belligerents

India India

Pakistan Pakistan

Commanders and leaders

India K. R. Narayanan

(President of India)

India Atal Bihari Vajpayee

(Prime Minister of India)

Gen Ved Prakash Malik

(Chief of the Army Staff)

Lt Gen Chandra Shekhar

(Vice Chief of the Army Staff)

Air Force Ensign of India.svg ACM Anil Yashwant Tipnis

(Chief of the Air Staff)

Muhammad Rafiq Tarar

(President of Pakistan)

Nawaz Sharif

(Prime Minister of Pakistan)

Gen Pervez Musharraf

(Chief of the Army Staff)

Lt Gen Muhammad Aziz Khan

(Chief of the General Staff)

Air Force Ensign of Pakistan.svg ACM Pervaiz Mehdi Qureshi

(Chief of the Air Staff)

Strength

30,000

5,000

Casualties and losses

Indian official figures

527 killed[6][7][8]

1,363 wounded[9]

1 Pilot (K Nachiketa) held as prisoner of war [10]

1 fighter jet shot down

1 fighter jet crashed

1 helicopter shot down

Pakistani claims

1,600 (as claimed by Musharraf)[11]

Independent figures

700 casualties[12]

Pakistani figures

453 killed (Pakistan army claim)[13][14]

Other Pakistani claims

357 killed and 665+ wounded (according to Pervez Musharraf)[15][16]

2,700–4,000 killed (according to Nawaz Sharif)[12][17]

Indian claims

737-1,200 casualties[18][19][20]

1,000+ wounded[21]

The cause of the war was the infiltration of Pakistani soldiers disguised as Kashmiri militants into positions on the Indian side of the LOC,[24] which serves as the de facto border between the two states. During the initial stages of the war, Pakistan blamed the fighting entirely on independent Kashmiri insurgents, but documents left behind by casualties and later statements by Pakistan's Prime Minister and Chief of Army Staff showed involvement of Pakistani paramilitary forces,[25][26][27] led by General Ashraf Rashid.[28] The Indian Army, later supported by the Indian Air Force, recaptured a majority of the positions on the Indian side of the LOC infiltrated by the Pakistani troops and militants. Facing international diplomatic opposition, the Pakistani forces withdrew from the remaining Indian positions along the LOC.

The war is the most recent example of high-altitude warfare in mountainous terrain, and as such posed significant logistical problems for the combating sides. It is also the sole instance of direct, conventional warfare between nuclear states (i.e., those possessing nuclear weapons). India had conducted its first successful test in 1974; Pakistan, which had been developing its nuclear capability in secret since around the same time, conducted its first known tests in 1998, just two weeks after a second series of tests by India.