Explanation:
The road surface forms an important part of the visual scene of road
users of all classes. We will concentrate in the following on drivers of
automobiles but the same generally holds true for truck drivers, riders
of bicycles, motorcycles or mopeds, and even to a large extent for
pedestrians.
The importance of the road surface in the visual scene has five aspects:
- the brightness of the road surface determines to a large extent the
state of adaptation of the eye;
- the road surface forms the background for most of the objects (or
obstacles) on the road that ~ay endanger traffic;
- the round alignment is enhanced by the contrast between the road
surface, the road edge and the edge markings;
- the surface of the road itself forms the most important aspect of the
course of the route (the run of the road);
- the road surface constitutes the background for horizontal road mark-
ings as well as for raised pavement markers.
These five aspects are important under all prevailing conditions of
lighting, the most of them being: daylight, lighting at night by means of
street lights (public lighting) and the lighting by means of headlamps
(vehicle lighting).
The brightness - or, more correct, by the luminance* - of the road
surface is determined by the amount of light striking the surface, the
reflection characteristics of the surface, and the geometric conditions
(the directions in which the light is incident on the surface and the
direction from which it is observed).
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Answers & Comments
Explanation:
The road surface forms an important part of the visual scene of road
users of all classes. We will concentrate in the following on drivers of
automobiles but the same generally holds true for truck drivers, riders
of bicycles, motorcycles or mopeds, and even to a large extent for
pedestrians.
The importance of the road surface in the visual scene has five aspects:
- the brightness of the road surface determines to a large extent the
state of adaptation of the eye;
- the road surface forms the background for most of the objects (or
obstacles) on the road that ~ay endanger traffic;
- the round alignment is enhanced by the contrast between the road
surface, the road edge and the edge markings;
- the surface of the road itself forms the most important aspect of the
course of the route (the run of the road);
- the road surface constitutes the background for horizontal road mark-
ings as well as for raised pavement markers.
These five aspects are important under all prevailing conditions of
lighting, the most of them being: daylight, lighting at night by means of
street lights (public lighting) and the lighting by means of headlamps
(vehicle lighting).
The brightness - or, more correct, by the luminance* - of the road
surface is determined by the amount of light striking the surface, the
reflection characteristics of the surface, and the geometric conditions
(the directions in which the light is incident on the surface and the
direction from which it is observed).