An inadequate family dynamic caused by poor parental practices, such as a lack of supervision,Footnote3 rules that are too permissive, discipline that is inconsistent or too strict, a weak bond, and the inability to establish clear boundaries, were identified as strong risk.
Parental criminality
The PittsburghFootnote10 and CambridgeFootnote11 longitudinal studies show that having a father, mother, brother or sister who displays criminal behaviour is a significant risk factor for delinquent behaviour in boys.
Among the risk factors related to parental criminality, criminal behaviour by the father is one of the most influential: 63% of boys whose fathers are involved in criminal activity are at risk of doing the same, compared to 30% of other boys.
Mistreatment during childhood and family violence
The presence of family violence and being mistreated during childhood are two significant risk factors associated with adolescent delinquent behaviour and violence in adulthood.Footnote13
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Answer:
Ineffective parental behaviour
An inadequate family dynamic caused by poor parental practices, such as a lack of supervision,Footnote3 rules that are too permissive, discipline that is inconsistent or too strict, a weak bond, and the inability to establish clear boundaries, were identified as strong risk.
Parental criminality
The PittsburghFootnote10 and CambridgeFootnote11 longitudinal studies show that having a father, mother, brother or sister who displays criminal behaviour is a significant risk factor for delinquent behaviour in boys.
Among the risk factors related to parental criminality, criminal behaviour by the father is one of the most influential: 63% of boys whose fathers are involved in criminal activity are at risk of doing the same, compared to 30% of other boys.
Mistreatment during childhood and family violence
The presence of family violence and being mistreated during childhood are two significant risk factors associated with adolescent delinquent behaviour and violence in adulthood.Footnote13
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