Immunization, also known as vaccination, is a medical process or procedure that helps protect individuals from infectious diseases. It involves the administration of a vaccine, which is a biological substance that contains weakened or killed pathogens (such as viruses or bacteria) or their parts (proteins) to stimulate the immune system. The goal of immunization is to train the immune system to recognize and remember the pathogen without causing the actual disease.
Here's how immunization works:
1. **Introduction of Antigens**: When a person receives a vaccine, they are exposed to antigens (harmless pieces of the pathogen). These antigens trigger an immune response.
2. **Immune Response**: The immune system recognizes these antigens as foreign invaders and produces antibodies to fight them. Antibodies are proteins that can neutralize or destroy the pathogens.
3. **Memory Cells**: After the immune response, the body retains memory cells, which "remember" how to fight the specific pathogen. This means that if the person is later exposed to the actual disease-causing pathogen, their immune system can respond more rapidly and effectively to prevent illness.
Immunization is a crucial public health tool because it can:
- Prevent serious diseases and their complications.
- Reduce the spread of infectious diseases within communities.
- Achieve herd immunity, where a sufficient portion of a population becomes immune, protecting those who cannot be vaccinated (e.g., individuals with certain medical conditions).
Common vaccines include those for diseases like measles, mumps, rubella, polio, influenza, hepatitis, and many others. Vaccination schedules are recommended for individuals at different stages of life to ensure ongoing protection.
Immunization has been instrumental in reducing the incidence of many deadly diseases worldwide and is considered one of the most cost-effective and life-saving interventions in healthcare.
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Immunization, also known as vaccination, is a medical process or procedure that helps protect individuals from infectious diseases. It involves the administration of a vaccine, which is a biological substance that contains weakened or killed pathogens (such as viruses or bacteria) or their parts (proteins) to stimulate the immune system. The goal of immunization is to train the immune system to recognize and remember the pathogen without causing the actual disease.
Here's how immunization works:
1. **Introduction of Antigens**: When a person receives a vaccine, they are exposed to antigens (harmless pieces of the pathogen). These antigens trigger an immune response.
2. **Immune Response**: The immune system recognizes these antigens as foreign invaders and produces antibodies to fight them. Antibodies are proteins that can neutralize or destroy the pathogens.
3. **Memory Cells**: After the immune response, the body retains memory cells, which "remember" how to fight the specific pathogen. This means that if the person is later exposed to the actual disease-causing pathogen, their immune system can respond more rapidly and effectively to prevent illness.
Immunization is a crucial public health tool because it can:
- Prevent serious diseases and their complications.
- Reduce the spread of infectious diseases within communities.
- Achieve herd immunity, where a sufficient portion of a population becomes immune, protecting those who cannot be vaccinated (e.g., individuals with certain medical conditions).
Common vaccines include those for diseases like measles, mumps, rubella, polio, influenza, hepatitis, and many others. Vaccination schedules are recommended for individuals at different stages of life to ensure ongoing protection.
Immunization has been instrumental in reducing the incidence of many deadly diseases worldwide and is considered one of the most cost-effective and life-saving interventions in healthcare.
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