DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is a molecule that contains the genetic instructions for the development, functioning, and reproduction of all living organisms. It is often referred to as the "blueprint of life." DNA is composed of two long strands that twist around each other to form a double helix structure. Each strand consists of a series of nucleotides, which are the building blocks of DNA. Nucleotides are made up of a sugar molecule (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). The sequence of these bases along the DNA molecule determines the genetic code.
Dominant and recessive alleles are terms used to describe different versions of a gene that can occupy the same location, or locus, on a chromosome. Genes are segments of DNA that carry the instructions for specific traits or characteristics. Each individual inherits two alleles for each gene, one from each parent. The dominant allele is expressed or "seen" in the phenotype, which is the observable characteristic of an organism. It masks the expression of the recessive allele when present. On the other hand, the recessive allele is only expressed in the phenotype if both copies of the gene are recessive.
The inheritance of dominant and recessive alleles follows the principles of Mendelian genetics. When an individual carries two copies of the same dominant allele (e.g., AA or Aa), the dominant trait will be expressed. However, if an individual carries one copy of a dominant allele and one copy of a recessive allele (e.g., Aa), the dominant trait will still be expressed, masking the presence of the recessive allele. The recessive trait is only observed when an individual carries two copies of the recessive allele (e.g., aa). This is because the dominant allele produces a functional protein or enzyme that overrides the effects of the recessive allele, which may produce a non-functional or altered protein.
The inheritance of dominant and recessive alleles occurs due to the molecular interactions and expression of proteins encoded by these alleles. The proteins produced by genes play crucial roles in various biological processes, influencing the development and functioning of an organism. Dominant alleles typically produce proteins that can carry out their intended function, while recessive alleles may result in non-functional or altered proteins. This can lead to differences in traits or characteristics between individuals based on their genetic makeup and the presence of dominant or recessive alleles at specific gene loci.
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Answer:
DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is a molecule that contains the genetic instructions for the development, functioning, and reproduction of all living organisms. It is often referred to as the "blueprint of life." DNA is composed of two long strands that twist around each other to form a double helix structure. Each strand consists of a series of nucleotides, which are the building blocks of DNA. Nucleotides are made up of a sugar molecule (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and one of four nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). The sequence of these bases along the DNA molecule determines the genetic code.
Dominant and recessive alleles are terms used to describe different versions of a gene that can occupy the same location, or locus, on a chromosome. Genes are segments of DNA that carry the instructions for specific traits or characteristics. Each individual inherits two alleles for each gene, one from each parent. The dominant allele is expressed or "seen" in the phenotype, which is the observable characteristic of an organism. It masks the expression of the recessive allele when present. On the other hand, the recessive allele is only expressed in the phenotype if both copies of the gene are recessive.
The inheritance of dominant and recessive alleles follows the principles of Mendelian genetics. When an individual carries two copies of the same dominant allele (e.g., AA or Aa), the dominant trait will be expressed. However, if an individual carries one copy of a dominant allele and one copy of a recessive allele (e.g., Aa), the dominant trait will still be expressed, masking the presence of the recessive allele. The recessive trait is only observed when an individual carries two copies of the recessive allele (e.g., aa). This is because the dominant allele produces a functional protein or enzyme that overrides the effects of the recessive allele, which may produce a non-functional or altered protein.
The inheritance of dominant and recessive alleles occurs due to the molecular interactions and expression of proteins encoded by these alleles. The proteins produced by genes play crucial roles in various biological processes, influencing the development and functioning of an organism. Dominant alleles typically produce proteins that can carry out their intended function, while recessive alleles may result in non-functional or altered proteins. This can lead to differences in traits or characteristics between individuals based on their genetic makeup and the presence of dominant or recessive alleles at specific gene loci.
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