Summary. Cloning describes the processes used to create an exact genetic replica of another cell, tissue or organism. The copied material, which has the same genetic makeup as the original, is referred to as a clone. The most famous clone was a Scottish sheep named Dolly.
Cloning is the process of creating an identical copy of a biological entity, such as a cell, tissue, or organism. This replication is achieved by using the genetic material of the original entity to produce an exact genetic replica.
There are various types of cloning:
1. Reproductive Cloning: This involves creating an entire organism that is genetically identical to the donor organism. It's often done by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), where the nucleus of a donor cell is transferred into an egg cell whose nucleus has been removed. This method was famously used to clone Dolly the sheep.
2. Therapeutic Cloning: It aims to create embryonic stem cells for medical purposes. It involves creating cloned embryos for the purpose of harvesting stem cells, which can potentially be used to generate tissues or organs for transplantation and medical research.
3. Molecular Cloning: In molecular biology, it refers to the process of making multiple copies of a specific DNA fragment or gene using recombinant DNA technology. This type of cloning is extensively used in scientific research and biotechnology.
Cloning raises ethical, legal, and scientific considerations, especially concerning the cloning of humans and other complex organisms. It's a complex process with implications across various fields, including biology, medicine, and ethics.
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Summary. Cloning describes the processes used to create an exact genetic replica of another cell, tissue or organism. The copied material, which has the same genetic makeup as the original, is referred to as a clone. The most famous clone was a Scottish sheep named Dolly.
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Cloning is the process of creating an identical copy of a biological entity, such as a cell, tissue, or organism. This replication is achieved by using the genetic material of the original entity to produce an exact genetic replica.
There are various types of cloning:
1. Reproductive Cloning: This involves creating an entire organism that is genetically identical to the donor organism. It's often done by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), where the nucleus of a donor cell is transferred into an egg cell whose nucleus has been removed. This method was famously used to clone Dolly the sheep.
2. Therapeutic Cloning: It aims to create embryonic stem cells for medical purposes. It involves creating cloned embryos for the purpose of harvesting stem cells, which can potentially be used to generate tissues or organs for transplantation and medical research.
3. Molecular Cloning: In molecular biology, it refers to the process of making multiple copies of a specific DNA fragment or gene using recombinant DNA technology. This type of cloning is extensively used in scientific research and biotechnology.
Cloning raises ethical, legal, and scientific considerations, especially concerning the cloning of humans and other complex organisms. It's a complex process with implications across various fields, including biology, medicine, and ethics.
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