Cytoplasm, the semifluid substance of a cell that is external to the nuclear membrane and internal to the cellular membrane, sometimes described as the nonnuclear content of protoplasm. In eukaryotes (i.e., cells having a nucleus), the cytoplasm contains all of the organelles. Among such organelles are the mitochondria, which are the sites of energy production through ATP (adenosine triphosphate) synthesis; the endoplasmic reticulum, the site of lipid and protein synthesis; the Golgi apparatus, the site where proteins are modified, packaged, and sorted in preparation for transport to their cellular destinations; lysosomes and peroxisomes, sacs of digestive enzymes that carry out the intracellular digestion of macromolecules such as lipids and proteins; the cytoskeleton, a network of protein fibres that give shape and support to the cell; and cytosol, the fluid mass that surrounds the various organelles.
cytoplasm; hepatocyte
cytoplasm; hepatocyte
False colour transmission electron micrograph showing mitochondria (blue), glycogen (pink), and rough endoplasmic reticulum (red) in the cytoplasm of a hepatocyte (liver cell).
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Cytoplasm, the semifluid substance of a cell that is external to the nuclear membrane and internal to the cellular membrane, sometimes described as the nonnuclear content of protoplasm. In eukaryotes (i.e., cells having a nucleus), the cytoplasm contains all of the organelles. Among such organelles are the mitochondria, which are the sites of energy production through ATP (adenosine triphosphate) synthesis; the endoplasmic reticulum, the site of lipid and protein synthesis; the Golgi apparatus, the site where proteins are modified, packaged, and sorted in preparation for transport to their cellular destinations; lysosomes and peroxisomes, sacs of digestive enzymes that carry out the intracellular digestion of macromolecules such as lipids and proteins; the cytoskeleton, a network of protein fibres that give shape and support to the cell; and cytosol, the fluid mass that surrounds the various organelles.
cytoplasm; hepatocyte
cytoplasm; hepatocyte
False colour transmission electron micrograph showing mitochondria (blue), glycogen (pink), and rough endoplasmic reticulum (red) in the cytoplasm of a hepatocyte (liver cell).
© Jlcalvo/Dreamstime.com
Cytoplasm is contained within cells in the space between the cell membrane and the nuclear membrane.
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Related Topics: Ribosome Plasmodium Cytoplasmic streaming Pseudopodium Endoplasm
The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
This article was most recently revised and updated by Kara Rogers, Senior Editor.
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