Ionization occurs when an electron escapes past the potential energy barrier that surrounds an atom or molecule. In normal photoionization, the electron absorbs the energy of a photon (or multiple photons), acquiring enough kinetic energy to “climb” over the barrier. In tunneling ionization, a laser distorts the potential energy curve in a gradual process that lowers the barrier on one side of the atom or molecule. One of the electrons is then able to “tunnel” out, which means it crosses the barrier quantum mechanically.
When an electron escapes from an atom or a material, it becomes a free electron, which means that it is no longer bound to any specific atom or molecule.
In some cases, the escape of electrons can result in the material becoming electrically charged. For example, if electrons escape from a neutral material, it will become positively charged because it has lost negatively charged electrons. On the other hand, if an atom gains electrons, it becomes negatively charged.
In certain situations, the escape of electrons can also result in the emission of electromagnetic radiation, such as light or heat. For example, when electrons escape from an excited atom or molecule, they can release energy in the form of light. This is the process that occurs in fluorescence and phosphorescence, where materials emit light after being excited by an external energy source.
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Answer:
Ionization occurs when an electron escapes past the potential energy barrier that surrounds an atom or molecule. In normal photoionization, the electron absorbs the energy of a photon (or multiple photons), acquiring enough kinetic energy to “climb” over the barrier. In tunneling ionization, a laser distorts the potential energy curve in a gradual process that lowers the barrier on one side of the atom or molecule. One of the electrons is then able to “tunnel” out, which means it crosses the barrier quantum mechanically.
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Answer:
When an electron escapes from an atom or a material, it becomes a free electron, which means that it is no longer bound to any specific atom or molecule.
In some cases, the escape of electrons can result in the material becoming electrically charged. For example, if electrons escape from a neutral material, it will become positively charged because it has lost negatively charged electrons. On the other hand, if an atom gains electrons, it becomes negatively charged.
In certain situations, the escape of electrons can also result in the emission of electromagnetic radiation, such as light or heat. For example, when electrons escape from an excited atom or molecule, they can release energy in the form of light. This is the process that occurs in fluorescence and phosphorescence, where materials emit light after being excited by an external energy source.