Answer:

1. What element is the most abundant in the Earth's crust?

-The most abundant element in the Earth's crust is oxygen.

2. What elements make up most of the mantle?

-The mantle is made up of silicates and oxides.

3. What is the special feature of the upper mantle?

-The special feature of the upper mantle is its high density.

4. How did scientists come to know that the outer core is liquid?

-Scientists came to know that the outer core is liquid because they observed seismic waves passing through the Earth.

5. What materials make up the inner core?

Is the inner core solid, liquid, or gas? What keeps it in this phase?

-The inner core is made up of iron and nickel. It is solid and is kept in this phase by the pressure of the overlying layers.

6. Compare the inner core and the outer core.

-The inner core is the hottest, densest part of the Earth. The outer core is the second-hottest, second-densest part of the Earth.

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Verified answer

Answer:

1. Oxygen, silicon, iron and aluminum are the most abundant elements in the Earth's crust

2.The rocks that make up Earth's mantle are mostly silicates

3.The upper mantle is mostly solid, but its more malleable regions contribute to tectonic activity

4.Scientists figured out that the outer core must be liquid because S waves do not pass through it, but P waves do.

5.Both the inner and outer cores consist primarily of iron and nickel. They're extremely hot, with temperatures ranging from 7200–9000℉ (4000–5000℃).

6.The inner core is under intense pressure, which keeps it solid despite high temperatures. Outer Core: The outer core, which is liquid, is about 1300 miles (2092 km) thick. Both the inner and outer cores consist primarily of iron and nickel and are extremely hot with temperatures ranging from 7200–9000℉ (4000–5000℃).