The bond formed by mutual sharing of electrons between the combining atoms of the same or different elements is called the covalent bond. This bond is generally formed between two electronegative i.e. non-metallic elements.
The number of electrons shared by an atom in order to complete its octet is called the covalence of that atom.
e.g. Consider the formation of chlorine molecule, Cl₂. The electronic configuration of Cl atom is [Ne] 3s²3p⁵. It has one electron less than the stable noble gas configuration Cl₂ molecule can be formed by sharing two electrons between two chlorine atoms, each chlorine atom contributing one electron to the shared pair so that both chlorine atom attain the outer shell octet of nearest noble gas (i.e. argon).
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what are covalent bond
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The bond formed by mutual sharing of electrons between the combining atoms of the same or different elements is called the covalent bond. This bond is generally formed between two electronegative i.e. non-metallic elements.
The number of electrons shared by an atom in order to complete its octet is called the covalence of that atom.
e.g. Consider the formation of chlorine molecule, Cl₂. The electronic configuration of Cl atom is [Ne] 3s²3p⁵. It has one electron less than the stable noble gas configuration Cl₂ molecule can be formed by sharing two electrons between two chlorine atoms, each chlorine atom contributing one electron to the shared pair so that both chlorine atom attain the outer shell octet of nearest noble gas (i.e. argon).
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