Answer:

Water Pollution:

Pollutants:

1. Industrial Waste: Discharge of harmful chemicals, heavy metals, and toxins from industries into water bodies.

2. Agricultural Runoff: Pesticides, fertilizers, and animal waste from agricultural activities that contaminate water sources.

3. Sewage and Wastewater: Untreated or inadequately treated sewage and wastewater from residential, commercial, and industrial sources.

4. Oil Spills: Accidental releases of oil and petroleum products into water bodies, often due to transportation or industrial accidents.

5. Marine Debris: Plastics, garbage, and litter that end up in oceans and waterways, harming marine life.

Control Measures:

1. Waste Treatment: Implementation of proper wastewater treatment systems to remove pollutants before discharge into water bodies.

2. Regulations and Standards: Enforcing strict regulations on industrial and agricultural practices to reduce pollutant discharge.

3. Environmental Impact Assessments: Conducting assessments before initiating projects to identify potential pollution sources and minimize their impact.

4. Public Awareness and Education: Educating the public about the importance of water conservation, responsible waste disposal, and pollution prevention.

5. Protection and Restoration: Implementing measures to protect and restore ecosystems, such as wetland conservation and reforestation near water bodies.

Harmful Effects:

1. Ecosystem Disruption: Water pollution can harm aquatic plants, animals, and microorganisms, disrupting the balance of ecosystems.

2. Human Health Impacts: Contaminated water sources can lead to the spread of waterborne diseases, affecting human health.

3. Economic Impact: Water pollution can negatively affect industries like fishing, tourism, and agriculture, leading to economic losses.

4. Water Scarcity: Pollution reduces the availability of clean water for drinking, irrigation, and other essential purposes.

5. Biodiversity Loss: Water pollution can contribute to the decline of species, including fish, amphibians, and aquatic plants, leading to a loss of biodiversity.

Sound Pollution:

Pollutants:

1. Transportation Noise: Noise generated by vehicles, aircraft, trains, and other modes of transportation.

2. Construction Noise: Noise generated by construction activities, including machinery, drilling, and demolition.

3. Industrial Noise: Noise generated by factories, power plants, and manufacturing facilities.

4. Community Noise: Noise from residential areas, recreational activities, and events.

Control Measures:

1. Noise Regulations: Implementing and enforcing noise regulations to limit noise levels in different settings.

2. Noise Barriers and Insulation: Constructing barriers and using insulation materials to reduce noise propagation.

3. Urban Planning: Designing cities and residential areas with noise reduction in mind, including buffer zones and green spaces.

4. Noise Control in Machinery and Equipment: Incorporating noise reduction technologies in machinery, vehicles, and appliances.

5. Public Education: Raising awareness about the impacts of noise pollution and promoting responsible behavior.

Harmful Effects:

1. Health Issues: Prolonged exposure to high levels of noise can lead to stress, sleep disturbances, hearing loss, and other health problems.

2. Communication Interference: Excessive noise can hinder effective communication, leading to misunderstandings and reduced productivity.

3. Disturbance and Annoyance: Noise pollution can cause annoyance, discomfort, and disturbance in daily activities and quality of life.

4. Impact on Wildlife: Loud noises can disrupt natural habitats, causing stress and affecting the behavior and communication of wildlife.

5. Negative Social and Psychological Effects: Excessive noise can contribute to irritability, decreased concentration, and overall dissatisfaction with the living environment.

Verified answer

Answer:

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Explanation:

☆water pollution☆

◆pollutants:

bacteria, viruses, parasites, fertilisers, pesticides, pharmaceutical products, nitrates, phosphates, plastics, faecal waste

◆control measures:

Use the minimum amount of detergent and/or bleach when you are washing clothes or dishes in ponds or lakes or rivers.

◆harmful effects:

causes disease or act as poisons.

☆sound pollution☆

◆pollutants:

Particulate matter, Ozone, Nitrogen dioxide,Carbon monoxide,Sulphur dioxide

◆control measures:

Reduce the number of trips you take in your car, Reduce or eliminate fireplace and wood stove use, Avoid burning leaves, trash, and other materials, Avoid using gas-powered lawn and garden equipment.

◆harmful effects:

heart disease, lung cancer, and respiratory diseases