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needs/ important of dam:- A dam is a barrier that is usually built across a river, a stream, or an estuary to retain water and the purpose to build a dam is to provide water for irrigating, Hydroelectric power plants, human daily uses, or for use in industrial processes. The dam is also used to reduce peak discharge of floodwater created by large storms or snowmelt, sometimes by operating the water level of dams, its helps to increase the water depth of a river in order to improve navigation by which ships can travel more easily. To generating hydroelectric power, dams are used to increase the amount of water available.

hypothesis:-For the present study the hypothesis can be set as In the process of rehabilitation of dam affected settlements, both positive and negative changes have been occurred in the socio-economic aspects of such settlements. Dam disturbed the agricultural and socio-economic setup as well as settlements of the catchment area.

materials:- the bottom of the dam is thicker than the top of the dam. The necessity of having a thick bottom is a result of. the volume of the water behind the dam. the altitude of the body of water behind the dam. earth, rock, tailings from mining or milling, concrete, masonry, steel, timber, miscellaneous materials (such as plastic or rubber) and any combination of these materials.

work plan:-

work plann of dams are :-

(1) nitial screening is conducted based on river profile and topographic maps.

(2) Reconnaissance plan is developed using only already available data.

(3)Pre-feasibility plan is developed with a little exploration and additional field data

(4) Dams can be used to store water, control flooding, and generate electricity

description of actual procedure:-

Dams act as the place where water is held back and released in a controlled manner through hydraulic turbines, enabling the mechanical energy of the water to be transformed to electrical energy. Typical dams work to create a reservoir where water is stored at a given hight.

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