Answer:

1. **Differences between Farming in India and the USA:**

- **Scale**: Farming in the USA is often on a larger scale with extensive use of machinery and technology, while in India, it varies from small subsistence farms to larger commercial operations.

- **Crop Variety**: India has a wide range of crops due to its diverse climate, while the USA focuses heavily on crops like corn, soybeans, and wheat.

- **Land Ownership**: In the USA, there's a prevalence of large, privately owned farms, whereas in India, land holdings are often smaller and fragmented.

- **Technology Adoption**: The USA is known for advanced farming technologies and practices, including GMOs and precision agriculture, whereas India has a mix of traditional and modern methods.

- **Irrigation**: The USA often relies on advanced irrigation systems, whereas in India, dependence on monsoon rainfall is more common.

2. **Agricultural Development:**

Agricultural development refers to the process of improving agricultural practices and increasing agricultural productivity. It can be achieved through:

- **Technological Advancements**: The adoption of modern farming techniques, machinery, and genetically improved crops.

- **Infrastructure Development**: Building irrigation systems, storage facilities, and transportation networks.

- **Education and Training**: Providing farmers with knowledge and skills to enhance their productivity.

- **Government Policies**: Implementing policies that promote sustainable farming, fair pricing, and access to credit.

- **Research and Development**: Investing in agricultural research to develop new crop varieties and farming methods.

3. **Main Problems Faced by Indian Farmers:**

- **Small Land Holdings**: Many Indian farmers have small land holdings, making it challenging to achieve economies of scale.

- **Dependence on Monsoons**: Variability in monsoon rainfall can lead to crop failures.

- **Lack of Access to Credit**: Limited access to credit for investments in modern farming technologies.

- **Low Productivity**: Outdated farming practices and inadequate infrastructure contribute to low productivity.

- **Market Access**: Difficulty in accessing markets and obtaining fair prices for produce.

- **Debt and Suicides**: High levels of debt and farmer suicides are significant concerns.

4. **Cultivation Requirements for Crops:**

- **Jute**: Well-drained loamy soils, high temperature, and an annual rainfall of around 150-200 cm.

- **Cotton**: Requires fertile, well-drained soils, high temperatures, and an annual rainfall of about 50-100 cm.

- **Coffee**: Thrives in rich, well-drained soils, at elevations of 600 to 1,200 meters, with around 150-250 cm of rainfall.

- **R

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1. Differences between farming in India and the USA:

• Scale: Farming in the USA tends to be larger in scale with extensive use of machinery, while in India, it's often smaller and more labor-intensive.
• Crop Variety: USA grows a wide range of crops, including soybeans and corn, whereas India focuses on rice, wheat, and pulses.
• Technology: USA employs advanced technology and precision farming techniques, while Indian farming relies on traditional methods.
• Land Ownership: In the USA, land ownership is concentrated, while in India, it's fragmented among smallholders.

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2. Agricultural development is the process of improving and modernizing agriculture to increase productivity, income, and food security. It can be achieved through:

• Technological advancements (e.g., GMOs, mechanization).
• Infrastructure development (e.g., irrigation, roads).
• Access to credit and insurance for farmers.
• Education and training for farmers.
• Market reforms and fair pricing.

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3. Main problems faced by Indian farmers:

• Small landholdings.
• Lack of access to modern technology.
• Insufficient irrigation facilities.
• Price volatility and market access.
• Debt burden.
• Climate change and unpredictable weather.

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4. Soil, temperature, and rainfall requirements for crops:

• a. Jute: Well-drained, fertile alluvial soil; warm and humid climate; 150-200 cm rainfall.
• b. Cotton: Sandy loam or clayey soil; warm temperature; 50-100 cm rainfall.
• c. Coffee: Loamy, well-drained soil; cool and humid climate; 150-250 cm rainfall.
• d. Rice: Clayey soil with good water retention; warm and humid climate; 100-200 cm rainfall.
• e. Tea: Well-drained, acidic soil; cool and moist climate; 150-300 cm rainfall.

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5. Changes brought about by the Green Revolution in agriculture:

• Significant increase in crop yields, especially for wheat and rice.
• Adoption of high-yield varieties and modern farming techniques.
• Improved food security and reduced dependence on imports.
• Expansion of irrigation infrastructure.
• Challenges like soil degradation and overuse of water resources.
• Widening income disparities among farmers.
• Environmental concerns due to excessive use of chemicals and water.

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