How does light become the color of the object it passes through? (e.g.: Putting a red transparent/translucent object under a light bulb - which results red light to come under the red transparent/translucent object)
When light passes through a transparent or translucent object, it is refracted (bent) and then absorbed by the molecules that make up the material, which causes it to be specific frequencies of light (colors) to be absorbed and reflected. The absorbed frequencies produce the color of the object, which is what you see when the light is passed through the object and onto a surface or your eyes.
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Explanation:
When light passes through a transparent or translucent object, it is refracted (bent) and then absorbed by the molecules that make up the material, which causes it to be specific frequencies of light (colors) to be absorbed and reflected. The absorbed frequencies produce the color of the object, which is what you see when the light is passed through the object and onto a surface or your eyes.