The tropic of Cancer is the latitude for which the Sun is directly overhead on the summer solstice. At this time, the sun is at a declination of 23° N of the celestial equator, and the corresponding latitude on Earth is 23° N of the equator. If the Earth were tilted a bit kess, then the Tropic of Cancer would be at a lower latitude, closer to the equator. The Artic Circle marks the southernmost latitude for which the day length is 24 hours on the day of the summer solstice. This is located at 90°-23°=67° N of the Earth's equator. If Earth were tilted a bit less, then the Artic Circle would move farther North. In the limit at which Earth is not tilted at all (its axis is perpendicular to the ecliptic), the Tropic of Cancer would be right on Earth's equator, and the Artic Circle would simply be the North Pole. Suppose the tilt of Earth's axis were tilted only 5°. What would be the effect on the seasons and the locations of the Tropic of Cancer and Artic Circle?
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The Sun is directly overhead at the Tropic of Capricorn (23.5° S latitude). The North Pole experiences total darkness, whereas the South Pole is in total light.The Solstices (Summer & Winter) The summer solstice occurs when the sun is directly over the Tropic of Cancer, which is located at 23.5° latitude North and runs through Mexico, the Bahamas, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, India, and southern China.Tropic of Cancer, latitude approximately 23°27′ N of the terrestrial Equator. This latitude corresponds to the northernmost declination of the Sun’s ecliptic to the celestial equator. At the summer solstice in the Northern Hemisphere, around June 21, the Sun attains its greatest declination north and is directly over the Tropic of Cancer. At that time the Sun appears in the constellation Gemini, but, much earlier in history, it lay in the constellation Cancer, thereby resulting in the designation Tropic of Cancer. Because of the gradual change in the direction of Earth’s axis of rotation, the Sun will reappear in the constellation Cancer in approximately 24,000 years. (See Tropic of Capricorn.)23.4394 degrees
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