Answer:

The process by which the information in DNA is used to make a protein is called transcription and translation. Transcription involves the copying of the information in a DNA molecule into a complementary RNA molecule, known as messenger RNA (mRNA). This mRNA molecule carries the information from the DNA to the ribosome, which is the site of protein synthesis.

In the next step, translation, the ribosome uses the information carried by the mRNA to assemble the individual building blocks of a protein, called amino acids, into a specific sequence. The ribosome does this by recognizing specific sequences on the mRNA called codons, and matching each codon to its corresponding amino acid. The ribosome links the amino acids together to form a protein chain, and this chain folds into a specific three-dimensional structure determined by its amino acid sequence.

In summary, the process of making a protein starts with the transcription of DNA into mRNA, which carries the genetic information to the ribosome. The ribosome then uses this information to assemble amino acids into a protein through the process of translation. This process demonstrates the central role of DNA in the synthesis of proteins, and provides evidence for the genetic basis of life.