It was passed to expand participation of Indians in the government of India. The Act embodied the reforms recommended in the report of the Secretary of State for India, Edwin Montagu, and the Viceroy, Chelmsford. The Act covered ten years, from 1919 to 1929. [tex][/tex]
The Government of India Act, 1919, also known as the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms, was enacted as a response to growing nationalist demands and the need for political reforms in colonial India. The Act was a significant step towards limited self-government and introduced various changes in the legislative and administrative structure of British India.
Several factors led to the enactment of the Government of India Act, 1919:
1. World War I: India's support during the war and the contributions made by Indian soldiers created a sense of expectation for reforms and greater self-governance.
2. The Montagu Declaration: Edwin Montagu, the Secretary of State for India, announced in August 1917 that the British government was committed to granting responsible government to India.
3. The Rowlett Act: The repressive Rowlett Act of 1919, which authorized detention without trial, stirred widespread protests and necessitated some political concessions.
The Government of India Act, 1919 introduced the following key provisions:
1. Dual System of Governance: The Act introduced the concept of dyarchy, which divided the subjects of administration into reserved (under British control) and transferred (under Indian control) categories. This allowed for the involvement of Indians in the legislative process, although ultimate control remained with the British.
2. Provincial Autonomy: It provided for the establishment of legislative councils at the provincial level with elected members. This allowed for Indian participation in governance and paved the way for provincial autonomy.
3. Expansion of Electorate: The Act expanded the franchise by increasing the number of eligible voters, although it still remained limited to a small portion of the population.
4. Separate Electorates: The Act institutionalized separate electorates for religious communities, which provided representation to minorities but also contributed to the communal divide.
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It was passed to expand participation of Indians in the government of India. The Act embodied the reforms recommended in the report of the Secretary of State for India, Edwin Montagu, and the Viceroy, Chelmsford. The Act covered ten years, from 1919 to 1929. [tex][/tex]
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The Government of India Act, 1919, also known as the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms, was enacted as a response to growing nationalist demands and the need for political reforms in colonial India. The Act was a significant step towards limited self-government and introduced various changes in the legislative and administrative structure of British India.
Several factors led to the enactment of the Government of India Act, 1919:
1. World War I: India's support during the war and the contributions made by Indian soldiers created a sense of expectation for reforms and greater self-governance.
2. The Montagu Declaration: Edwin Montagu, the Secretary of State for India, announced in August 1917 that the British government was committed to granting responsible government to India.
3. The Rowlett Act: The repressive Rowlett Act of 1919, which authorized detention without trial, stirred widespread protests and necessitated some political concessions.
The Government of India Act, 1919 introduced the following key provisions:
1. Dual System of Governance: The Act introduced the concept of dyarchy, which divided the subjects of administration into reserved (under British control) and transferred (under Indian control) categories. This allowed for the involvement of Indians in the legislative process, although ultimate control remained with the British.
2. Provincial Autonomy: It provided for the establishment of legislative councils at the provincial level with elected members. This allowed for Indian participation in governance and paved the way for provincial autonomy.
3. Expansion of Electorate: The Act expanded the franchise by increasing the number of eligible voters, although it still remained limited to a small portion of the population.
4. Separate Electorates: The Act institutionalized separate electorates for religious communities, which provided representation to minorities but also contributed to the communal divide.