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† 1.Derive the formula for potential energy.
2. Explain the Law of conservation of energy with pendulum.
3. If energy is neither created nor destroyed then from where do we get energy?
4. State and explain one example where kinetic energy is present in a body and is used.
5. Define power and give its unit.
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Answers & Comments
1. To derive the formula for potential energy, we can start with the concept of work done. Potential energy is the energy stored in an object based on its position. We can express this as the work done to move an object against a force. The formula for potential energy is PE = mgh, where PE represents potential energy, m is the mass of the object, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the height or vertical position of the object.
2. The Law of Conservation of Energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another. When it comes to a pendulum, as it swings back and forth, the energy constantly changes between potential energy and kinetic energy. At the highest point of the swing, the potential energy is maximum, while the kinetic energy is minimum. As the pendulum reaches the lowest point, the potential energy is minimum, while the kinetic energy is maximum. Throughout the swing, the total energy (potential + kinetic) remains constant, demonstrating the Law of Conservation of Energy.
3. Energy is not created or destroyed, but it can be converted from one form to another. We get energy from various sources such as the sun (solar energy), fossil fuels (chemical energy), wind (wind energy), and even food (chemical energy). These energy sources exist in nature, and we harness them through various processes to meet our energy needs.
4. An example where kinetic energy is present in a body and is used is a moving car. When a car is in motion, it possesses kinetic energy due to its velocity. This kinetic energy is utilized to perform various tasks like overcoming air resistance, powering the engine, and propelling the car forward. The kinetic energy of the car is gradually transformed into other forms of energy, such as heat and sound.
5. Power is defined as the rate at which work is done or energy is transferred. It is calculated as the amount of work done divided by the time taken. The unit of power is the watt (W). 1 watt is equal to 1 joule of work done per second. So, power is the measure of how quickly energy is being transformed or transferred.
Answer:
1.
The formula for potential energy is PE = mgh. In this formula, M is mass, g is acceleration due to gravity, and h is height.
2.
The law of conservation of energy states that energy can't be created or destroyed, but it can be transformed from one form to another. The sum of potential energy and kinetic energy of a body is always constant.
3.
For example, when a pendulum bob is raised from its resting position to an extreme position, its kinetic energy is converted into potential energy. When the pendulum swings down, its speed and kinetic energy increase but elevation and potential energy decrease. The reverse happens when the pendulum swings up.
4.
Kinetic energy is the energy that a body has due to its motion. It's present in every moving object and particle. For example,:
Watermills are powered by the kinetic energy of running water.
Moving air has kinetic energy, which is used to power windmills and propels sailing boats.
A bullet fired from a cannon has kinetic energy, which allows it to penetrate a target.
An airplane has a large amount of kinetic energy in flight due to its large mass and fast velocity.
A baseball thrown by a pitcher can have a large amount of kinetic energy due to its fast velocity.