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C3 Plants -

1. The first stable intermediate product is 3- carbon acid:- phosphoglyceric acid.
2. Photosynthetic functions occur only in mesophyll cells – on the surface of the leaves
3. C3 requires cool and wet environments.
4. 95% of the green plants are C3 plants.
5. Examples include rice, wheat, oats, barley, cotton, peanuts, tobacco, sugar beets, soybeans and spinach
6. Leaves of these plants DO NOT show Kranz anatomy.
7. C3 plants exhibit only granal type of chloroplast
8. Carbon dioxide fixation occurs only once.
9. All the steps of dark reaction take place in mesophyll cells.
10. The optimum temperature for photosynthesis is comparatively lower than that of C4 plants
11. C3 photosynthesis is the oldest and the most common
12. Photorespiration is not suppressed
13. Carbon dioxide fixation is slow.
14. Photosynthesis occurs when stomata are open

C4 Plants -

1. The first stable intermediate product is a 4 carbon acid:- oxaloacetate (which is then reduced to malate)
2. Photosynthetic functions occur in mesophyll and bundle sheath cells.
3. C4 requires tropical and dry environments.
4. 5% of the green plants are C4 plants.
5. Examples include Maize, Sugarcane, pearl millet, sorghum.
6. Leaves of these plants show Kranz anatomy.
7. C4 plants exhibit granal as well as agranal type of chloroplast
8. Carbon dioxide fixation occurs twice.
9. The initial steps are carried out in mesophyll cells and the subsequent steps are carried out in bundle-sheath cells.
10. The optimum temperature for photosynthesis is comparatively higher than C3 plants
11. C4 photosynthesis is a recent phenomenon, emerging after C3 photosynthesis
12. Photorespiration is suppressed
13. Carbon dioxide fixation is faster.
14. Photosynthesis occurs even when stomata are closed

Verified answer

Answer:

C3 plants:-

• C3 plants are those in which the first result of carbon dioxide assimilation through photosynthesis is 3-phosphoglycerate, which has three carbon atoms.
• C3 plants use the Calvin cycle for dark reactions.
• Leaves lack kranz anatomy
• A single Carbon dioxide fixation occurs.
• Dark reaction is carried out by mesophyll.
• Chloroplasts are monomorphic.
• It performs photosynthesis only when stomata are open.
• C3 plants are less efficient in photosynthesis.
• Bundle sheath do not contain chloroplasts.
• Chloroplasts do not have peripheral reticulum

C4 plants:-

• A C4 plant fixes CO2 into a four-carbon molecule before beginning the Calvin-Benson cycle of photosynthesis. The Hatch–Slack pathway is another name for the C4 pathway. It's one of three newly found photosynthetic carbon fixation mechanisms in plants.
• C4 plants use the Hatch-Slack cycle for dark reactions.
• Leaves possess kranz anatomy.
• Double Carbon dioxide fixation occurs.
• Dark reaction is carried out by both mesophyll and bundles of Sheath cells.
• It performs photosynthesis even when stomata are closed.
• C4 plants are more efficient in photosynthesis.
• Bundle sheath contains prominent chloroplasts.
• Mesophyll cells perform only initial fixation.
• Chloroplasts have peripheral reticulum.