A sound is a form of energy that is produced when air molecules vibrate in a particular pattern called waves. Hence, the sound is a wave. Vibration can be described as a back and forth motion of an object.
Major causes of noise pollution are sounds of vehicles, explosions including the bursting of crackers, machines, loudspeakers etc.
Presence of excessive noise in the surroundings may cause many health-related problems e.g., lack of sleep, hypertension and anxiety etc.
Plantation on the roadside and elsewhere is the best source to reduce the noise pollution.
The loudness is expressed in a unit called decibel (dB). It also depends on the amplitude of the sound.
Amplitude: The maximum distance to which a vibrating body moves on either side of its mean position is called the amplitude of vibration.
Audible Frequencies: For human ears, the range of audible frequencies is roughly from 20 to 20,000 Hz.
Eardrum: A thin membrane which is stretched tightly to receive the waves bf sound at the end of ear canal.
Hertz: The frequency is expressed in hertz (Hz).
Larynx: In humans, the sound is produced by the larynx.
The loudness of Sound: Larger the amplitude of vibration, louder is the sound.
Noise: Unpleasant sounds are called noise.
Oscillation motion: The to and fro motion of an object is called oscillation motion.
Pitch of the Sound: Higher the frequency of vibration, the higher is the pitch, or shrill of the sound.
Shrillness: The frequency determines the shrillness or pitch of a sound. If the frequency of vibration is higher we can say that sound is shrill.
Time Period: The time taken by a pendulum to complete one oscillation is called the time period.
Vibration: The to and fro or back and forth motion of an object is termed as vibration.
Voice Box: Upper end of the windpipe, below the hard part on the throat is called the voice box.
Windpipe: It is the passage for the inlet and outlet of air in the lungs.
Solution
Part 1: Introduction of ear and its functions
The ear is a sensory organ responsible for hearing and maintenance of balance (dynamic as well as static).
It responds to sound waves and hence gives the sense of hearing.
Organ of corti (organ of hearing) and vestibular apparatus (balance maintaining organ), it detects the sound waves and postural changes respectively.
It then transfers this information to the higher centers of the brain to be processed.
Hence the brain perceives the sound waves, changes in posture while at rest or while moving.
Part 2: Mechanism of Hearing
The pinna of the external ear collects sound waves which pass through the external auditory meatus all the way to the eardrum.
These vibrations are passed from the eardrum to the malleus, incus and stapes of the middle ear which causes an increase in the frequency of the vibrations.
The vibrations furthermore are passed to the cochlea of the inner ear through the oval window.
These vibrations in the endolymph of the cochlea cause vibrations to be induced in the basilar membrane, which in turn cause the sensory hair of the organ of corti to vibrate.
The receptor hair cells force themselves against the tectorial membrane, converting sound energy to a nerve impulse or action potential.
This nerve impulse is transmitted to the auditory cortex of the brain, where the impulse is evaluated and analyzed causing the sound to recognised.
Answers & Comments
Answer:
Hope it's helpful
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Explanation:
A sound is a form of energy that is produced when air molecules vibrate in a particular pattern called waves. Hence, the sound is a wave. Vibration can be described as a back and forth motion of an object.
Verified answer
Answer:
summary is given below of ch - sound
Explanation:
Major causes of noise pollution are sounds of vehicles, explosions including the bursting of crackers, machines, loudspeakers etc.
Presence of excessive noise in the surroundings may cause many health-related problems e.g., lack of sleep, hypertension and anxiety etc.
Plantation on the roadside and elsewhere is the best source to reduce the noise pollution.
The loudness is expressed in a unit called decibel (dB). It also depends on the amplitude of the sound.
Amplitude: The maximum distance to which a vibrating body moves on either side of its mean position is called the amplitude of vibration.
Audible Frequencies: For human ears, the range of audible frequencies is roughly from 20 to 20,000 Hz.
Eardrum: A thin membrane which is stretched tightly to receive the waves bf sound at the end of ear canal.
Hertz: The frequency is expressed in hertz (Hz).
Larynx: In humans, the sound is produced by the larynx.
The loudness of Sound: Larger the amplitude of vibration, louder is the sound.
Noise: Unpleasant sounds are called noise.
Oscillation motion: The to and fro motion of an object is called oscillation motion.
Pitch of the Sound: Higher the frequency of vibration, the higher is the pitch, or shrill of the sound.
Shrillness: The frequency determines the shrillness or pitch of a sound. If the frequency of vibration is higher we can say that sound is shrill.
Time Period: The time taken by a pendulum to complete one oscillation is called the time period.
Vibration: The to and fro or back and forth motion of an object is termed as vibration.
Voice Box: Upper end of the windpipe, below the hard part on the throat is called the voice box.
Windpipe: It is the passage for the inlet and outlet of air in the lungs.
Solution
Part 1: Introduction of ear and its functions
The ear is a sensory organ responsible for hearing and maintenance of balance (dynamic as well as static).
It responds to sound waves and hence gives the sense of hearing.
Organ of corti (organ of hearing) and vestibular apparatus (balance maintaining organ), it detects the sound waves and postural changes respectively.
It then transfers this information to the higher centers of the brain to be processed.
Hence the brain perceives the sound waves, changes in posture while at rest or while moving.
Part 2: Mechanism of Hearing
The pinna of the external ear collects sound waves which pass through the external auditory meatus all the way to the eardrum.
These vibrations are passed from the eardrum to the malleus, incus and stapes of the middle ear which causes an increase in the frequency of the vibrations.
The vibrations furthermore are passed to the cochlea of the inner ear through the oval window.
These vibrations in the endolymph of the cochlea cause vibrations to be induced in the basilar membrane, which in turn cause the sensory hair of the organ of corti to vibrate.
The receptor hair cells force themselves against the tectorial membrane, converting sound energy to a nerve impulse or action potential.
This nerve impulse is transmitted to the auditory cortex of the brain, where the impulse is evaluated and analyzed causing the sound to recognised.