smoking causes disease in the respiratory system which may damage organs and tissues what is the effect of diseased cells on the higher levels of organization in an organism
a.smoking affects only certain kinds of organism does not affect any other kind of organ in the human body
b.this is cells damage the higher levels of organization they make up tissues organs organ system and eventually the whole organism
c.smoking affects only the next higher levels of organizations that they make up the tissue
d. diseases diseases do not affect the other parts of an organism
a.smoking affects only certain kinds of organism does not affect any other kind of organ in the human body
b.this is cells damage the higher levels of organization they make up tissues organs organ system and eventually the whole organism
c.smoking affects only the next higher levels of organizations that they make up the tissue
d. diseases diseases do not affect the other parts of an organism
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Answer:
b.this is cells damage the higher levels of organization they make up tissues organs organ system and eventually the whole organism
Explanation:
Smoking is relevant to infectious diseases resulting in increased prevalence and mortality. In this article, we aim to provide an overview of the effects of smoking in various infections and to explain the potential mechanisms. We searched PubMed and other relevant databases for scientific studies that explored the relationship between smoking and infection. The mechanisms of susceptibility to infection in smokers may include alteration of the structural, functional and immunologic host defences. Smoking is one of the main risk factors for infections in the respiratory tract, digestive tract, reproductive tract, and other systems in humans, increasing the prevalence of HIV, tuberculosis, SARS-CoV, and the current SARS-CoV-2. Smoking cessation can reduce the risk of infection. Smoking increases the incidence of infections and aggravates the progress and prognosis of infectious diseases in a dose-dependent manner. Smoking cessation promotion and education are the most practical and economical preventive measures to reduce aggravation of disease infection owing to tobacco use.
smoking, tobacco, infection, respiratory tract