Identify what feature of academic writing is shown by the underlined words/sentences below.
1) The authors in this study assessed the relationship between job performance in first-level managers as rated by their supervisors and their affective commitment, continuance commitment, and job satisfaction. Affective commitment is defined as an emotional attachment to the organization (Meyer & Goffin, 1989). Alternatively, continuance commitment is based on the costs that employees associate with leaving the organization. Job performance was (2) assessed according to (3) 3 dimensions which are (a) composite performance, according to an average on (4) 6 specific activities, (b) overall performance, based on a subjective rating given by the immediate supervisor, and (c) promotability. The participants were
(5) 23 district managers and (6) 65 unit managers from a large food service organization. Crews in the organization (7) were not included in this study. (8) The researchers found that affective commitment was positively related to overall performance and promotability. The correlations between continuance commitment and all (9) 3 performance dimensions were negative and significant. (10) It was revealed from this article and these findings that supervisor ratings of performance and promotability increase as the employees’ affective commitment increases; on the other hand, supervisor ratings of performance and promotability decrease as continuance commitment increases.
1) The authors in this study assessed the relationship between job performance in first-level managers as rated by their supervisors and their affective commitment, continuance commitment, and job satisfaction. Affective commitment is defined as an emotional attachment to the organization (Meyer & Goffin, 1989). Alternatively, continuance commitment is based on the costs that employees associate with leaving the organization. Job performance was (2) assessed according to (3) 3 dimensions which are (a) composite performance, according to an average on (4) 6 specific activities, (b) overall performance, based on a subjective rating given by the immediate supervisor, and (c) promotability. The participants were
(5) 23 district managers and (6) 65 unit managers from a large food service organization. Crews in the organization (7) were not included in this study. (8) The researchers found that affective commitment was positively related to overall performance and promotability. The correlations between continuance commitment and all (9) 3 performance dimensions were negative and significant. (10) It was revealed from this article and these findings that supervisor ratings of performance and promotability increase as the employees’ affective commitment increases; on the other hand, supervisor ratings of performance and promotability decrease as continuance commitment increases.
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Answer:
1. Definition and explanation of key terms - The underlined sentence provides a definition of "affective commitment" which is a key term in the study.
2. Use of technical language - The word "assessed" is a technical term used in research to indicate how the authors measured job performance.
3. Use of technical language - The phrase "3 dimensions" is a technical term used to describe the different aspects of job performance that were measured.
4. Use of technical language - The phrase "6 specific activities" is a technical term used to describe the specific tasks that were used to measure composite performance.
5. Quantification - The number "23" is used to indicate the exact number of district managers who participated in the study.
6. Quantification - The number "65" is used to indicate the exact number of unit managers who participated in the study.
7. Exclusion criteria - The sentence "Crews in the organization were not included in this study" indicates that a certain group of people was excluded from the study.
8. Reporting of findings - The sentence "The researchers found that affective commitment was positively related to overall performance and promotability" reports the main finding of the study.
9. Reporting of findings - The phrase "all 3 performance dimensions" indicates that the authors found negative correlations between continuance commitment and each of the three dimensions of job performance that were measured.
10. Conclusion - The sentence "It was revealed from this article and these findings that supervisor ratings of performance and promotability increase as the employees’ affective commitment increases; on the other hand, supervisor ratings of performance and promotability decrease as continuance commitment increases" summarizes the authors' conclusion based on their findings.