The three key factors that were crucial to the Westward movement in the United States were:

The Transcontinental Railroad: The completion of the Transcontinental Railroad in 1869 greatly facilitated westward expansion by providing a faster and more efficient means of transportation across the vast distances of the American West.

Wide Availability of Farmland: The availability of fertile and affordable land in the Western territories attracted settlers and farmers looking for opportunities to establish new homes and agricultural businesses.

The Discovery of Gold in the West: The discovery of gold and other valuable resources in the West, such as during the California Gold Rush in 1848, acted as a significant pull factor, drawing people westward in search of economic opportunities.

While factors like closeness to cattle markets and the presence of more organized societies in the West were important in their own right, they were not as universally influential as the three factors mentioned above in driving the Westward movement on a larger scale.

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The correct answers are:

• The Transcontinental Railroad
• Wide availability of farmland
• The discovery of gold in the West

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