Answer:

In this code, there are a total of 5 independent paths that need to be tested, one for each of the 5 ELSE IF statements.

The independent paths are the sequences of statements that are executed when a particular condition is met. In this case, each ELSE IF statement has a condition that needs to be evaluated, and if the condition is true, the corresponding GRADE assignment statement will be executed.

For example, the first independent path is:

READ mark;

IF(mark > 90)

GRADE = ‘A’;

PRINT GRADE;

The second independent path is:

READ mark;

IF(mark > 90)

ELSE IF(mark > 81 && mark < 90)

GRADE = ‘B’;

PRINT GRADE;

And so on, until the fifth independent path:

READ mark;

IF(mark > 90)

ELSE IF(mark > 81 && mark < 90)

ELSE IF(mark > 71 && mark < 80)

ELSE IF(mark > 61 && mark < 70)

ELSE IF(mark < 60)

GRADE = ‘F’;

PRINT GRADE;

Each of these paths represents a different execution path through the code, depending on the value of the mark variable. Thus, there are a total of 5 independent paths in this code.

Answer:

There are five independent path.

IF(mark> 90)

GRADE = 'A';

ELSE IF(mark > 81 && marka 90)

GRADE = 'B',

ELSE IF(mark> 71 && mark < 80)

GRADE = 'C';

ELSE IF(mark> 61 && mark < 70)

GRADE - 'D':

ELSE IF(mark<60)

GRADE = 'F'; PRINT

GRADE Since in the code give there are total of five conditions given and all of them are independent. That is why it will five independent paths.