Read the passage below, and then answer questions regarding
the author's purpose, organizational pattern and tone. Tell whether the
message in the text is positive or negative. Write your answers on your
paper.






Anyone can understand the confusion ancient traders experienced trying
to market their goods without a common standard of measurement.
Imagine trying to sell grain in Egypt by the basket without having any
comparison to make as to the basket's weight or volume. Such were the
problems in early times when weight had to be guessed or measured against
a standard of the weight of stones, seashells, seeds, or grain.
Problems also existed in terms of measurement of lengths. One of the
earliest linear measurements was the foot which first took its standard from
the length of a human foot and later used the length of a king's foot as the
standard. Archaeologists have traced people's attempts to grapple with
standard units of measurement from the ancient Egyptians' attempts to
reset precise property lines after flooding of the Nile River to biblical times
when a cubit was the standard unit of length. The cubit took its standard
from the distance between the end of the elbow to the end of the middle finger -- usually about 18 inches. The Romans defined the inch as the
width of the thumb, and the mile as 311,000 paces. The problems involved
in using such measurements are obvious. Imagine trying to set new, more
accurate standards among people who hung on tenaciously to existing
standards.
When the Romans conquered ancient Britain, they brought their
standards of measurement along and imposed them on the people.
Consequently, some of these standards have survived to the 20th century.
The British Imperial System of weights and measures evolved from many
sources and became fairly well standardized by the 19th century. The
standard yard and pound were kept in the Houses of Parliament. However,
when the Parliament building burned in 1834, the standards were
destroyed. British scientists then began to press for a more uniform
standard for the gallon, the pound, and the yard which could be used in the
entire British Empire. This made trading, buying, and selling much more
uniform.






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