Explanation:

The paragraph highlights a historical context during the late 19th and early 20th century in the British colonial Empire, particularly in Africa. It mentions the rise of racism during this period, where educated Africans faced exclusion from the civil service and experienced discrimination in business opportunities. Simultaneously, the colonial authorities empowered tribal chiefs and the African elite. This was often a strategy used by colonial powers to maintain control and promote a system of indirect rule, where they allowed local leaders to govern on their behalf.

This policy had complex consequences. On one hand, it perpetuated racial discrimination and inequality, limiting the opportunities for educated Africans. On the other hand, it was a means of governance, where local elites and chiefs were co-opted into the colonial administration, which could provide some degree of stability. However, it also reinforced existing power structures and often exacerbated divisions within African societies.

Overall, this paragraph highlights a period of colonial history characterized by both racial discrimination and a strategic approach to governance by colonial powers. It's a complex historical narrative with both negative and nuanced elements.

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Answer:

INTRODUCTION: The provided paragraph offers insight into a significant aspect of the British colonial Empire during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It delves into the emergence of racial discrimination and its consequences within the colonial system. During this period, educated Africans faced exclusion from the civil service and discrimination in business endeavors, while colonial authorities simultaneously elevated tribal chiefs and the African elite. This introduction sets the stage for a deeper exploration of the complex dynamics of race, governance, and inequality in the colonial context.

Explanation:

The discrimination described in the British colonial Empire during the late 19th and early 20th centuries had several interconnected reasons:

1. Racial Hierarchies: The prevailing belief in racial hierarchies, often referred to as "scientific racism," shaped colonial policies and attitudes. European colonial powers, including the British, believed in the superiority of their own race and considered Africans and other non-European peoples as inferior. This ideology contributed to discriminatory practices.

2. Economic Exploitation: Colonial powers sought to maximize their economic gains from their colonies. Discriminating against African entrepreneurs and excluding educated Africans from the civil service allowed the colonial authorities to maintain control over economic resources and opportunities.

3. Divide and Rule: Colonial authorities often used a "divide and rule" strategy, exploiting existing divisions within the colonized population. By favoring certain segments of the African population, such as tribal chiefs and elites, they could exert control more effectively and prevent unified resistance against colonial rule.

4. Fear of Uprisings: Colonial powers were concerned about potential uprisings and resistance from the educated African middle class. By excluding them from positions of power and influence, the colonial authorities sought to reduce the chances of organized opposition to their rule.

5. Cultural and Social Prejudice: Prejudice and stereotypes against Africans were prevalent during this period. These negative perceptions reinforced discriminatory practices, making it difficult for Africans to break through these barriers.

6. Preservation of Colonial Interests: Colonial authorities promoted tribal chiefs and elites who were more likely to cooperate with and serve the interests of the colonial power. This approach was seen as a means to maintain control over the colony.

In summary, the discrimination in the British colonial Empire during the late 19th and early 20th centuries was rooted in a complex interplay of racial ideologies, economic exploitation, and strategies for maintaining control and minimizing resistance to colonial rule.

ANSWER 'The paragraph you provided highlights a historical development in the British colonial Empire during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It describes the emergence of racism within the colonial system, as educated Africans were excluded from the civil service and faced discrimination in entrepreneurial endeavors. Simultaneously, the colonial authorities favored and empowered tribal chiefs and the African elite, effectively promoting their interests. This practice reflected a discriminatory and hierarchical approach to governance in the colonial context, where certain segments of the African population were given preferential treatment, while others were marginalized due to their race and education.