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Answer:

1. Research refers to the systematic investigation and study of a particular topic or issue to discover new knowledge, gain deeper understanding, or solve problems. It involves collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data to answer specific research questions or test hypotheses.

2. The research process typically involves the following steps:

a. Identifying and defining the research problem or question

b. Conducting a literature review to gather existing knowledge on the topic

c. Formulating research objectives and hypotheses

d. Designing the research methodology and selecting appropriate data collection methods

e. Collecting and analyzing data

f. Interpreting the findings and drawing conclusions

g. Communicating the research findings through a research report or publication

3. Definitions of the terms:

- Design: Refers to the plan or structure of a research study, including the selection of methods and procedures to collect and analyze data.

- Data: Refers to factual information or raw facts collected during the research process.

- Significance: In research, significance refers to the importance or relevance of the findings or results, often in relation to the research objectives or broader implications.

- Evidence: Refers to the information, facts, or data that supports or provides proof for a claim or conclusion in research.

- Treatment: In research, treatment refers to the specific conditions or interventions applied to study participants or subjects in an experiment or study.

- Experiment: A research method used to investigate cause-and-effect relationships by manipulating variables and observing the resulting effects.

- Conclusion: The final outcome or result of a research study, often based on the analysis of data and interpretation of findings.

- Observation: The act of systematically watching, noting, and recording events, behaviors, or phenomena in a research study.

- Statistics: The branch of mathematics that deals with the collection, analysis, interpretation, presentation, and organization of data.

References:

1. Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage Publications.

2. Leedy, P. D., & Ormrod, J. E. (2014). Practical research: Planning and design (10th ed.). Pearson.

3. Neuman, W. L. (2013). Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Pearson.

4. Trochim, W. M., & Donnelly, J. P. (2008). The research methods knowledge base (3rd ed.). Atomic Dog Publishing.