Answer:

Explanation:

1. The outbreak of revolutionary protest in France was the result of a combination of factors. The country was facing severe economic and financial crisis due to extravagant spending by the monarchy, expensive wars, and a regressive tax system that burdened the common people while exempting the nobility and clergy. The majority of the French population, especially the peasantry, were suffering from poverty, food shortages, and high taxes. Additionally, the Enlightenment ideas that promoted individual rights, liberty, and equality were spreading among the educated classes, challenging the absolute rule of the monarchy.

2. Groups that benefited from the revolution were the bourgeoisie (middle class), as they gained political power and economic opportunities. The clergy and nobility were forced to relinquish their privileges and power as the revolution abolished feudal privileges and privileges based on birth. The absolute monarchy was abolished, and power was transferred to the National Assembly, which represented the bourgeoisie.

Groups disappointed with the outcome of the revolution included the radicals and the sans-culottes (the urban working class), who wanted more radical changes and economic equality. Also, the peasants were disappointed as their hopes for comprehensive land reforms were not fully realized, and they still faced challenges in land ownership.

3. The legacy of the French Revolution was profound and far-reaching. It inspired nationalist movements and the demand for democratic rights across Europe. The ideas of liberty, equality, and fraternity spread globally, influencing anti-colonial movements and inspiring revolutions in other parts of the world. The French Revolution also contributed to the rise of nationalism and the modern nation-state system.

4. List of democratic rights with origins traced to the French Revolution:

- Right to equality before the law

- Right to freedom of speech and expression

- Right to personal liberty and security

- Right to property

- Right to participate in governance and voting

- Right to religious freedom

- Abolition of feudal privileges and hereditary titles

5. The message of universal rights propagated by the French Revolution did indeed face contradictions. While the revolution proclaimed the ideals of liberty, equality, and fraternity, it was marked by violence, internal divisions, and the rise of a dictatorship under Napoleon. The revolutionary leaders, while advocating universal rights, failed to implement them consistently, and various factions within the revolution had different interpretations of these ideals.

The rise of Napoleon can be attributed to several factors, including his military genius, charisma, and ability to capitalize on the power vacuum created by the instability of the revolutionary period. He portrayed himself as a strong and stable leader who could bring order and protect the gains of the revolution. Additionally, Napoleon's successful military campaigns and conquests expanded the influence and power of France, further consolidating his position as a leader. However, over time, Napoleon's ambitions led to the establishment of an autocratic regime, marking a departure from the democratic principles of the revolution.

Describe the Circumstances Leading to the Outbreak of Revolutionary Protest in France? The outbreak of revolutionary protest in France was caused due to increased taxes, demand for voting rights, poor harvest, increase in bread prices, etc.