Answer:

(I) The Guru Granth Sahib is a scripture that evolved from the Adi Granth Sahib. Guru Arjan compiled the hymns of Guru Nanak, Baba Farid, Ravidas, and Kabir into the Adi Granth Sahib. Later, Guru Gobind Singh added the compositions of Guru Tegh Bahadur, and the scripture became known as the Guru Granth Sahib.

(ii) Here are some principles of the Bhakti tradition:

• God is one

• All people are equal

• Worshiping God with devotion is better than performing religious ceremonies and going on pilgrimages

• Caste distinctions and superstitious practices are to be given up

• A loving relationship between a devotee and their personal god

(iii) The Virashaiva tradition began in Karnataka in the mid-12th century. The Virashaivas argued for the equality of all human beings and against Brahmanical ideas about caste and the treatment of women. They were also against all forms of ritual and idol worship.

(iv) Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (1486 – 1534) was a 15th century religious reformer and mystic saint. He was a prominent figure in the Bhakti movement, and his contributions include:

• Re-orienting the Bhakti movement

• Founding Gaudiya Vaishnavism

• Challenging traditional Hindu culture

• Creating a social revolution

• Influencing Bengal and Orissa