Q12.What are the hydrocorbons write the name and general formula of (i) saturated
hydrocarbons, (ii) unsaturated hydrocarbons, and draw the structure of one hydrocarbon of
each type.
hydrocarbons, (ii) unsaturated hydrocarbons, and draw the structure of one hydrocarbon of
each type.
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Answer:
Hydrocarbons are organic compounds composed of elements of carbon and hydrogen only. The molecular formula for hydrocarbon compounds is CxHy. There are different types of hydrocarbons such as saturated hydrocarbons, unsaturated hydrocarbons, cycloalkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons and aliphatic hydrocarbons.
(a) Saturated hydrocarbons
These are simplest hydrocarbons in which carbon-carbon atoms and carbon-hydrogen atoms are held together by single bonds. They have Sp3 hybridised carbon atom and called as alkanes having a general formula CnH2n+2.
Example:
Ethane (C2H6) can also be written as CH3 – CH3.
(b) Unsaturated hydrocarbons
These compounds consist of a single, double or a triple bond between carbon-carbon atoms. The double-bonded compounds are called alkenes and the triple bonded compounds are called alkynes. The general formula for alkenes is CnH2nand for alkynes the general formula is CnH2n-2.
Example:
Alkene – Ethene:- CH2 = CH2
Alkyne – Ethyne:- CH ≡ CH