1. Show how the sharing of electrons form covalent bond in
the following compounds:
a. Ammonia (NH.)
b. Water (H₂O)
c. Hydrogen Chloride (HCI)
d. Nitrogen Gas (N₂)
e. Oxygen Gas (O.)
f. Methane (CH)
g. Hydrogen Gas (H₂)
h. Phosphine (PH)
i. Sulfur Dioxide (SO)
j. Chlorine Gas (C1)
Covalent bonding is a type of chemical bonding that occurs when atoms share electrons in order to form a stable compound. This type of bonding is common in molecules made up of non-metal atoms.
a. Ammonia (NH3): In ammonia, nitrogen and hydrogen atoms share electrons in order to form a covalent bond. Nitrogen has five valence electrons and needs three more to fill its outer energy level, while hydrogen has one valence electron and needs one more to fill its outer energy level. By sharing their electrons, the nitrogen and hydrogen atoms form a covalent bond and complete their outer energy levels, resulting in the formation of the compound ammonia.
b. Water (H2O): In water, two hydrogen atoms share their electrons with an oxygen atom in order to form a covalent bond. Oxygen has six valence electrons and needs two more to fill its outer energy level, while hydrogen has one valence electron and needs one more to fill its outer energy level. By sharing their electrons, the oxygen and hydrogen atoms form a covalent bond and complete their outer energy levels, resulting in the formation of the compound water.
c. Hydrogen Chloride (HCl): In hydrogen chloride, a hydrogen atom shares its electron with a chlorine atom in order to form a covalent bond. Chlorine has seven valence electrons and needs one more to fill its outer energy level, while hydrogen has one valence electron and needs one more to fill its outer energy level. By sharing their electrons, the chlorine and hydrogen atoms form a covalent bond and complete their outer energy levels, resulting in the formation of the compound hydrogen chloride.
d. Nitrogen Gas (N2): In nitrogen gas, two nitrogen atoms share their electrons in order to form a covalent bond. Nitrogen has five valence electrons and needs three more to fill its outer energy level. By sharing their electrons, the nitrogen atoms form a covalent bond and complete their outer energy levels, resulting in the formation of the compound nitrogen gas.
e. Oxygen Gas (O2): In oxygen gas, two oxygen atoms share their electrons in order to form a covalent bond. Oxygen has six valence electrons and needs two more to fill its outer energy level. By sharing their electrons, the oxygen atoms form a covalent bond and complete their outer energy levels, resulting in the formation of the compound oxygen gas.
f. Methane (CH4): In methane, one carbon atom shares its electrons with four hydrogen atoms in order to form covalent bonds. Carbon has four valence electrons and needs four more to fill its outer energy level, while hydrogen has one valence electron and needs one more to fill its outer energy level. By sharing their electrons, the carbon and hydrogen atoms form covalent bonds and complete their outer energy levels, resulting in the formation of the compound methane.
g. Hydrogen Gas (H2): In hydrogen gas, two hydrogen atoms share their electrons in order to form a covalent bond. Hydrogen has one valence electron and needs one more to fill its outer energy level. By sharing their electrons, the hydrogen atoms form a covalent bond and complete their outer energy levels, resulting in the formation of the compound hydrogen gas.
h. Phosphine (PH3): In phosphine, one phosphorus atom shares its electrons with three hydrogen atoms in order to form covalent bonds. Phosphorus has five valence electrons and needs three more to fill its outer energy level, while hydrogen has one valence electron and needs one more to fill its outer energy level. By sharing their electrons, the phosphorus and hydrogen atoms form c
Explanation:
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Answers & Comments
Answer:
ACTIVITY 3: Bonding by Sharing of Electrons
Objectives:
• Explain how covalent bonding takes place
• Illustrate the sharing of electrons
Material: Periodic Table
Procedure:
1. Show how the sharing of electrons form covalent bond in
the following compounds:
a. Ammonia (NH.)
b. Water (H₂O)
c. Hydrogen Chloride (HCI)
d. Nitrogen Gas (N₂)
e. Oxygen Gas (O.)
f. Methane (CH)
g. Hydrogen Gas (H₂)
h. Phosphine (PH)
i. Sulfur Dioxide (SO)
j. Chlorine Gas (C1)
Covalent bonding is a type of chemical bonding that occurs when atoms share electrons in order to form a stable compound. This type of bonding is common in molecules made up of non-metal atoms.
a. Ammonia (NH3): In ammonia, nitrogen and hydrogen atoms share electrons in order to form a covalent bond. Nitrogen has five valence electrons and needs three more to fill its outer energy level, while hydrogen has one valence electron and needs one more to fill its outer energy level. By sharing their electrons, the nitrogen and hydrogen atoms form a covalent bond and complete their outer energy levels, resulting in the formation of the compound ammonia.
b. Water (H2O): In water, two hydrogen atoms share their electrons with an oxygen atom in order to form a covalent bond. Oxygen has six valence electrons and needs two more to fill its outer energy level, while hydrogen has one valence electron and needs one more to fill its outer energy level. By sharing their electrons, the oxygen and hydrogen atoms form a covalent bond and complete their outer energy levels, resulting in the formation of the compound water.
c. Hydrogen Chloride (HCl): In hydrogen chloride, a hydrogen atom shares its electron with a chlorine atom in order to form a covalent bond. Chlorine has seven valence electrons and needs one more to fill its outer energy level, while hydrogen has one valence electron and needs one more to fill its outer energy level. By sharing their electrons, the chlorine and hydrogen atoms form a covalent bond and complete their outer energy levels, resulting in the formation of the compound hydrogen chloride.
d. Nitrogen Gas (N2): In nitrogen gas, two nitrogen atoms share their electrons in order to form a covalent bond. Nitrogen has five valence electrons and needs three more to fill its outer energy level. By sharing their electrons, the nitrogen atoms form a covalent bond and complete their outer energy levels, resulting in the formation of the compound nitrogen gas.
e. Oxygen Gas (O2): In oxygen gas, two oxygen atoms share their electrons in order to form a covalent bond. Oxygen has six valence electrons and needs two more to fill its outer energy level. By sharing their electrons, the oxygen atoms form a covalent bond and complete their outer energy levels, resulting in the formation of the compound oxygen gas.
f. Methane (CH4): In methane, one carbon atom shares its electrons with four hydrogen atoms in order to form covalent bonds. Carbon has four valence electrons and needs four more to fill its outer energy level, while hydrogen has one valence electron and needs one more to fill its outer energy level. By sharing their electrons, the carbon and hydrogen atoms form covalent bonds and complete their outer energy levels, resulting in the formation of the compound methane.
g. Hydrogen Gas (H2): In hydrogen gas, two hydrogen atoms share their electrons in order to form a covalent bond. Hydrogen has one valence electron and needs one more to fill its outer energy level. By sharing their electrons, the hydrogen atoms form a covalent bond and complete their outer energy levels, resulting in the formation of the compound hydrogen gas.
h. Phosphine (PH3): In phosphine, one phosphorus atom shares its electrons with three hydrogen atoms in order to form covalent bonds. Phosphorus has five valence electrons and needs three more to fill its outer energy level, while hydrogen has one valence electron and needs one more to fill its outer energy level. By sharing their electrons, the phosphorus and hydrogen atoms form c
Explanation:
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