1. (a) Production of new individuals from the vegetative part of parent is called vegetative propagation. (b) A flower may have either male or female reproductive parts. Such a flower is called unisexual flower.
2. Seed dispersal takes place by means of wind, water and animal.There are five main modes of seed dispersal: gravity, wind, ballistic, water, and by animals. Some plants are serotinous and only disperse their seeds in response to an environmental stimulus. Dispersal involves the letting go or detachment of a diaspore from the main parent plant.
3. It is Called Geitonomy. The transfer of pollen grains from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower of the same plant is called geitonogamy. This transfer involves an agent of pollination. Genetically, it is similar to autogamy since the pollen grains come from the same plant.
4. In sexual reproduction new organisms are produced from the fusion of a male sex cell with a female sex cell. This fusion of gametes is called fertilisation. Sex cells are also known as gametes.

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