Geology is the study of the Earth, the materials of which it is made, the structure of those materials, and the processes acting upon them. It includes the study of organisms that have inhabited our planet.
Igneous rocks are formed from the solidification of molten rock material. Some form below Earth's surface. Some form on or above Earth's surface. We describe these two basic types: Intrusive igneous rocks crystallize below Earth's surface, and the slow cooling that occurs there allows large crystals to form.
Metamorphic rocks arise from the transformation of existing rock to new types of rock, in a process called metamorphism. The original rock is subjected to temperatures greater than 150 to 200 °C and, often, elevated pressure, causing profound physical or chemical changes.
Sedimentary rocks are types of rock that are formed by the accumulation or deposition of mineral or organic particles at the Earth's surface, followed by cementation. Sedimentation is the collective name for processes that cause these particles to settle in place.
rock cycle is a basic concept in geology that describes transitions through geologic time among the three main rock types: sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous. Each rock type is altered when it is forced out of its equilibrium conditions.
Weathering rock is the breaking down of rocks, soils, and minerals as well as wood and artificial materials through contact with water, atmospheric gases, and biological organisms.
Chemical weathering is when chemicals in rain and moving water react with rocks and minerals to change or weaken them in some way. Chemical weathering always causes some type of chemical reaction within the rock or mineral itself. Expand your knowledge of the breaking down of rocks and soil through examples of erosion.
Mechanical weathering is the process of breaking big rocks into little ones. This process usually happens near the surface of the planet. Temperature also affects the land. The cool nights and hot days always cause things to expand and contract. That movement can cause rocks to crack and break apart.
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