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ACTIVITY 2
Write the nuclear reactions involved in the synthesis of each of the following new elements:
1. Curium (Z = 96) was formed by reacting Pu - 239 with alpha particles.
2. Mendelevium ( = 101) was formed by reacting En-253 with beta particles.
3. Alpha decay of Plutonium-245.
4. Beta Decay of Plutonium.
5. Nobelium (Z= 102) was formed by reacting Fermium with alpha particles.
Answers & Comments
Answer:
1.239
Pu+
2
4
He⇒
96
242
+
0
1
n
Further explanation
There are two types of nuclear reactions
Fission reaction is the splitting of an atomic nucleus by firing a particle
Example:
²³⁵₉₂U + ¹₀n -> ⁸⁹₃₆Kr + ¹⁴⁴₅₆Ba + 3¹₀n
Fusion reaction is a combination of two atomic nuclei
Example:
³₁Ti + ²₁D -> ⁴₂He + ¹₀n
There are several particles involved in atomic nuclei reactions:
alpha α particles ₂He⁴
beta β ₋₁e⁰ particles
gamma particles γ
positron particles ₁e⁰
neutron particles ₀n¹
In a nuclear reaction, it is always found that the atomic number (Z) and mass number (A) are the same either before or after the reaction
In the fusion reaction of Plutonium (Pu) and Helium (He), it can also be said to be a synthesis reaction due to the combination of two elements.
Reaction :
\tt ^{239}_{94}Pu+^4_2He\Rightarrow ^{242}_{96}+^1_0n
94
239
Pu+
2
4
He⇒
96
242
+
0
1
n
number of atomic numbers (Z) = 94+2=96+0
number of mass numbers (A) = 239+4= 242+1
4. beta decay converts a neutron into a proton to form neptunium-239 (half-life 2.36 days) and another beta decay forms plutonium-239.
5.Nobelium is created by nuclear bombardment, and has only been produced in miniscule amounts. Nobelium can be produced by irradiating a californium-249 target with carbon-12 ions. Isotopes: Nobelium has 12 isotopes whose half-lives are known, with mass numbers 250 to 262.