At the end of the 15th century, Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama turned to be first European who re-establish constant business associations with India from the Roman times by purporting the first person to appear by circumnavigating Africa.

Luxury goods was traded which accompanies the several types of Indian herbs, ebony, silk, savors and fine textiles. The spice trade was combined with overland routes initially but marine maps helped in the growth of exchanged with several European countries. The Ptolemaic regime had augmented trade with India appropriating the Red Sea harbors.